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BIOD-103 Medical Terminology > Module 4.7 Special Senses A&P > Flashcards

Module 4.7 Special Senses A&P Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Define special senses

A

divisions of the nervous system that have specialized organs that are devoted to that sense

EX: ears, eyes, nose, tongue

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2
Q

Define ophthamology

A

study of the eye & vision

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3
Q

Define ophthalmologist

A

medical physician that specialize in the study of the eye

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4
Q

Define optometry

A

area of medicine that assesses the eye to detect vision problems

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5
Q

Define optometrist

A
  • prescribes corrective eyewear
  • attends school of optometry
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6
Q

Define otorhinolaryngology

A

the study of nose, ears, throat ENT

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7
Q

Define otorhinolaryngologist

A

physician who specializes in ENT

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8
Q

Define auidology

A

study of hearing

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9
Q

Define audiologist

A
  • assess a pt’s hearing
  • can prescribe hearing aids
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10
Q

Define ear

A
  • organ that detects sound & maintains balance
  • has 3 sections
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11
Q

Define outer ear

A
  • detects sound & then funnels it to the inner ear
  • consists of the auricle (pinna) & external acoustic meatus (auditory canal)
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12
Q

Define middle ear

A
  • air-filled cavity in the temporal bone of the skull
  • contains 3 bones (ossicles): malleus, incus, stapes
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13
Q

When sound waves reach the TM, it does what and travels to the ossicles to the what?

A
  • vibrates
  • oval window
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14
Q

Define cochlea

A
  • has sensory receptors that sense hearing & transmit it to the brain via the cochlear nerve
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15
Q

Functions of the vestibule & semicircular canals

A

detect the body’s equilibrium & position

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16
Q

Define eye

A

organ dedicated to the sense of sight

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17
Q

What are the external structures of the eye

A

orbit, eyelids, muscles of the eye, conjunctiva, lacrimal apparatus

18
Q

Define orbit

A
  • cavity in the skull that contains the eyeball
  • lined with fatty tissue to protect the eye
  • has several openings to allow nerves & blood vessels to travel to the eyeball
19
Q

Define eyelids

A
  • thin coverings that protect the eyeball from intense light & foreign objects, keep the eye moist
20
Q

How many muscles are in the eye

A

6

21
Q

Define conjunctiva

A
  • mucus membrane that is in the inside of the eyelid
  • covers the exposed surface of the eyeball
22
Q

Define lacrimal apparatus

A

produces, stores & removes the tears that lubricate & cleanse the eye

23
Q

Define eyeball

A
  • actual organ of vision
  • contains sclera, cornea, pupil, ciliary body, choroid, vitreous body, retina
24
Q

Define sclera

A

-outer layer of the eyeball

  • called white of the eye & ends at the cornea
25
Q

Define cornea

A
  • transparent anterior portion of the eyeball
  • directs light through the lens to focus on the retina
26
Q

Define pupil

A
  • circular opening in the iris
  • expands & contracts to allow more or less light into the eye
27
Q

Define iris

A

colored portion of the eye

28
Q

Define lens

A
  • located behind the pupil
  • focuses the light on the retina
  • attached to ciliary body
28
Q

Define ciliary body

A
  • smooth muscle that change the shape of the lens
  • secretes aqueous humor that nourishes the cornea, lens & tissues
29
Q

Define vitreous humor

A

jelly-like material behind the lens that maintains the shape of the eyeball

29
Q

Define choroid

A

internal membrane that prevents the internal reflection of light within the eyeball

30
Q

Define retina

A
  • innermost layer of the eye
  • contains rods & cones
31
Q

Define cones

A
  • detect bright light
  • used for color vision
32
Q

Define rods

A
  • detect dim light
  • used for night vision
33
Q

Define nose

A

accessory organ of the respiratory system

34
Q

Define nares

A
  • allow air to enter the nasal cavity
  • divided by the nasal septum into R & L halves
35
Q

Define cilia

A
  • mucous membrane of the nasal cavity that contains receptor cells
  • detect molecules in the air associated w/ smell
  • send messages to the brain via the olfactory nerve
36
Q

Define tongue

A
  • located in the mouth
  • made of skeletal muscle
  • accessory organ of the digestive system
  • moves food in the mouth while chewing & to the back of the larynx to aid in swallowing
37
Q

Define tastebuds

A
  • at the anterior surface of the tongue
  • sense sweet, sour, salt & savory flavors of food
38
Q

What nerves are innervated by the tongue?

A

facial, glossopharyngeal, hypoglossal nerves

BIOD-103 Medical Terminology (14 decks)

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