Module 4.7 Special Senses A&P

Question 1

Define special senses

Answer 1

divisions of the nervous system that have specialized organs that are devoted to that sense

EX: ears, eyes, nose, tongue

Question 2

Define ophthamology

Answer 2

study of the eye & vision

Question 3

Define ophthalmologist

Answer 3

medical physician that specialize in the study of the eye

Question 4

Define optometry

Answer 4

area of medicine that assesses the eye to detect vision problems

Question 5

Define optometrist

Answer 5

• prescribes corrective eyewear
• attends school of optometry

Question 6

Define otorhinolaryngology

Answer 6

the study of nose, ears, throat ENT

Question 7

Define otorhinolaryngologist

Answer 7

physician who specializes in ENT

Question 8

Define auidology

Answer 8

study of hearing

Question 9

Define audiologist

Answer 9

• assess a pt’s hearing
• can prescribe hearing aids

Question 10

Define ear

Answer 10

• organ that detects sound & maintains balance
• has 3 sections

Question 11

Define outer ear

Answer 11

• detects sound & then funnels it to the inner ear
• consists of the auricle (pinna) & external acoustic meatus (auditory canal)

Question 12

Define middle ear

Answer 12

• air-filled cavity in the temporal bone of the skull
• contains 3 bones (ossicles): malleus, incus, stapes

Question 13

When sound waves reach the TM, it does what and travels to the ossicles to the what?

Answer 13

• vibrates
• oval window

Question 14

Define cochlea

Answer 14

• has sensory receptors that sense hearing & transmit it to the brain via the cochlear nerve

Question 15

Functions of the vestibule & semicircular canals

Answer 15

detect the body’s equilibrium & position

Question 16

Define eye

Answer 16

organ dedicated to the sense of sight

Question 17

What are the external structures of the eye

Answer 17

orbit, eyelids, muscles of the eye, conjunctiva, lacrimal apparatus

Question 18

Define orbit

Answer 18

• cavity in the skull that contains the eyeball
• lined with fatty tissue to protect the eye
• has several openings to allow nerves & blood vessels to travel to the eyeball

Question 19

Define eyelids

Answer 19

• thin coverings that protect the eyeball from intense light & foreign objects, keep the eye moist

Question 20

How many muscles are in the eye

Answer 20

6

Question 21

Define conjunctiva

Answer 21

• mucus membrane that is in the inside of the eyelid
• covers the exposed surface of the eyeball

Question 22

Define lacrimal apparatus

Answer 22

produces, stores & removes the tears that lubricate & cleanse the eye

Question 23

Define eyeball

Answer 23

• actual organ of vision
• contains sclera, cornea, pupil, ciliary body, choroid, vitreous body, retina

Question 24

Define sclera

Answer 24

-outer layer of the eyeball

• called white of the eye & ends at the cornea

Question 25

Define cornea

Answer 25

- transparent anterior portion of the eyeball - directs light through the lens to focus on the retina

Question 26

Define pupil

Answer 26

- circular opening in the iris - expands & contracts to allow more or less light into the eye

Question 27

Define iris

Answer 27

colored portion of the eye

Question 28

Define lens

Answer 28

- located behind the pupil - focuses the light on the retina - attached to ciliary body

Question 28

Define ciliary body

Answer 28

- smooth muscle that change the shape of the lens - secretes aqueous humor that nourishes the cornea, lens & tissues

Question 29

Define vitreous humor

Answer 29

jelly-like material behind the lens that maintains the shape of the eyeball

Question 29

Define choroid

Answer 29

internal membrane that prevents the internal reflection of light within the eyeball

Question 30

Define retina

Answer 30

- innermost layer of the eye - contains rods & cones

Question 31

Define cones

Answer 31

- detect bright light - used for color vision

Question 32

Define rods

Answer 32

- detect dim light - used for night vision

Question 33

Define nose

Answer 33

accessory organ of the respiratory system

Question 34

Define nares

Answer 34

- allow air to enter the nasal cavity - divided by the nasal septum into R & L halves

Question 35

Define cilia

Answer 35

- mucous membrane of the nasal cavity that contains receptor cells - detect molecules in the air associated w/ smell - send messages to the brain via the olfactory nerve

Question 36

Define tongue

Answer 36

- located in the mouth - made of skeletal muscle - accessory organ of the digestive system - moves food in the mouth while chewing & to the back of the larynx to aid in swallowing

Question 37

Define tastebuds

Answer 37

- at the anterior surface of the tongue - sense sweet, sour, salt & savory flavors of food

Question 38

What nerves are innervated by the tongue?

Answer 38

facial, glossopharyngeal, hypoglossal nerves