Module 4.7 Special Senses A&P Flashcards
Define special senses
divisions of the nervous system that have specialized organs that are devoted to that sense
EX: ears, eyes, nose, tongue
Define ophthamology
study of the eye & vision
Define ophthalmologist
medical physician that specialize in the study of the eye
Define optometry
area of medicine that assesses the eye to detect vision problems
Define optometrist
- prescribes corrective eyewear
- attends school of optometry
Define otorhinolaryngology
the study of nose, ears, throat ENT
Define otorhinolaryngologist
physician who specializes in ENT
Define auidology
study of hearing
Define audiologist
- assess a pt’s hearing
- can prescribe hearing aids
Define ear
- organ that detects sound & maintains balance
- has 3 sections
Define outer ear
- detects sound & then funnels it to the inner ear
- consists of the auricle (pinna) & external acoustic meatus (auditory canal)
Define middle ear
- air-filled cavity in the temporal bone of the skull
- contains 3 bones (ossicles): malleus, incus, stapes
When sound waves reach the TM, it does what and travels to the ossicles to the what?
- vibrates
- oval window
Define cochlea
- has sensory receptors that sense hearing & transmit it to the brain via the cochlear nerve
Functions of the vestibule & semicircular canals
detect the body’s equilibrium & position
Define eye
organ dedicated to the sense of sight
What are the external structures of the eye
orbit, eyelids, muscles of the eye, conjunctiva, lacrimal apparatus
Define orbit
- cavity in the skull that contains the eyeball
- lined with fatty tissue to protect the eye
- has several openings to allow nerves & blood vessels to travel to the eyeball
Define eyelids
- thin coverings that protect the eyeball from intense light & foreign objects, keep the eye moist
How many muscles are in the eye
6
Define conjunctiva
- mucus membrane that is in the inside of the eyelid
- covers the exposed surface of the eyeball
Define lacrimal apparatus
produces, stores & removes the tears that lubricate & cleanse the eye
Define eyeball
- actual organ of vision
- contains sclera, cornea, pupil, ciliary body, choroid, vitreous body, retina
Define sclera
-outer layer of the eyeball
- called white of the eye & ends at the cornea
Define cornea
- transparent anterior portion of the eyeball
- directs light through the lens to focus on the retina
Define pupil
- circular opening in the iris
- expands & contracts to allow more or less light into the eye
Define iris
colored portion of the eye
Define lens
- located behind the pupil
- focuses the light on the retina
- attached to ciliary body
Define ciliary body
- smooth muscle that change the shape of the lens
- secretes aqueous humor that nourishes the cornea, lens & tissues
Define vitreous humor
jelly-like material behind the lens that maintains the shape of the eyeball
Define choroid
internal membrane that prevents the internal reflection of light within the eyeball
Define retina
- innermost layer of the eye
- contains rods & cones
Define cones
- detect bright light
- used for color vision
Define rods
- detect dim light
- used for night vision
Define nose
accessory organ of the respiratory system
Define nares
- allow air to enter the nasal cavity
- divided by the nasal septum into R & L halves
Define cilia
- mucous membrane of the nasal cavity that contains receptor cells
- detect molecules in the air associated w/ smell
- send messages to the brain via the olfactory nerve
Define tongue
- located in the mouth
- made of skeletal muscle
- accessory organ of the digestive system
- moves food in the mouth while chewing & to the back of the larynx to aid in swallowing
Define tastebuds
- at the anterior surface of the tongue
- sense sweet, sour, salt & savory flavors of food
What nerves are innervated by the tongue?
facial, glossopharyngeal, hypoglossal nerves
