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BIOD-103 Medical Terminology > Module 3 > Flashcards

Module 3 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

AKA

A

above the knee amputation

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2
Q

BKA

A

below the knee amputation

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3
Q

CK

A

creatine kinase

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4
Q

C1, C2, etc

A

first cervical vertebrae, second cervical vertebrae, etc

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5
Q

EMG

A

electromyography

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6
Q

Fx

A

fracture

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7
Q

IM

A

intramuscular

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8
Q

L1, L2, etc

A

first lumbar vertebrae, second lumbar vertebrae etc

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9
Q

MRI

A

magnetic resonance imaging

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10
Q

NSAIDs

A

non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

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11
Q

OA

A

osteoarthritis

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12
Q

ROM

A

range of motion

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13
Q

T1, T2, etc

A

first thoracic vertebrae, second vertebrae etc

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14
Q

Define agonist

A

the muscle that is the primary mover of a given moment

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15
Q

Define amputation

Amputat= to cut through
-ion=process

A

surgical or traumatic removal or a limb, part, or other appendage

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16
Q

Define arthralgia

Arthr=joint
-algia=pain

A

joint pain

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17
Q

Define atonic

A=lack of
ton=tone, tension
-ic=pertaining to

A

lack of normal muscle tone

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18
Q

Define ataxia

a=lack of
-taxia=order

A

lack of muscular coordination

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18
Q

Define atrophy

a=lack of
-trophy=lack of nourishment

A

wasting away of muscular tissue that may be caused by lack of use or lack of nerve stimulation of the muscle

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19
Q

Define brachyalgia

Brach/l=slow
-algia=pain

A

pain the arm

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20
Q

Define bradykinesia

Brady=slow
-kinesia=movement

A

slowness of motion or movement

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21
Q

Define bursa

Burs=a pouch

A

pad like sac between muscles, tendons & bones that is lines with synovial fluid & contains a fluid

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22
Q

Define calcneal

Calcan/e=heel bone
-al=pertaining to

A

pertaining to heel bone

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23
Q

Define carpal

carp=wrist
al=pertaining to

A

pertaining to wrist bones

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24
Q

Define cast

A

medical equipment that is hard & used to immobilize a fractured bone, dislocated joint or sprain

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25
Q

Define chondral

Chondr=cartilage
-al=pertaining to

A

pertaining to cartilage

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26
Q

Define clavicular

Clavicul=clavicle
-al=pertaining to

A

pertaining to the clavicle or collar bone

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27
Q

Define coccygeal

Coccyg/e=Coccyx
-al pertaining to

A

pertaining to the coccyx or tailbone

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28
Q

Define contracture

A

shortening of the muscle that is then resistant to stretching

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29
Q

Define dactylogram

Dactyl/o=finger or toe
-gram=mark or record

A

a fingerprint

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30
Q

Define dislocation

A

separation of the bone from the joint

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31
Q

Define dystonia

Dys=difficult
ton=tone
-ia=condition

A

impaired muscle tone

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32
Q

Define fixation

Fixat=fastened
-ion=process

A

process of holding or securing in a fixed position

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33
Q

Define flaccid

A

lacking muscle tone

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34
Q

Define hallux

A

the great toe

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35
Q

Define humeral

Humer=humerus
-al=pertaining to

A

pertaining to the humerus

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36
Q

Define Iliac

ili=ilium
-ac=pertaining to

A

pertaining to the ilium

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37
Q

Define Iliosacral

A

pertaining to the ilium and sacrum

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38
Q

Define Intercostal

inter=between
cost=rib
-al=pertaining to

A

pertaining to the space between 2 ribs

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39
Q

Define ischial

isch/l=ischium
-al=pertaining to

A

pertaining to the ischium

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40
Q

Define lumbar

lumb=lower back
-ar=pertaining to

A

pertaining to the lower back

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41
Q

Define mandibular

Mandibul=lower jawbone
-ar=pertaining to

A

pertaining to the lower jaw

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42
Q

Define maxillary

Maxill=upper jawbone
-ary=pertaining to

A

pertaining to the upper jawbone

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43
Q

Define meniscus

Menisc=crescent
-us=structure

A

crescent-shaped cartilage that is located in certain joints, such as the knee

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44
Q

Define myalgia

My=muscle
-algia=pain

A

pain the muscle

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45
Q

Define orthopedics

A

study of the musculoskeletal
system, its structure, function, and pathology.

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46
Q

Define osteogenesis

oste/o=bone
-genesis=formation

A

formation of bone

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47
Q

Define radial

A

pertaining to the radius

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48
Q

Define pedal

A

pertaining to the foot

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49
Q

Define spinal

A

pertaining to the spine

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50
Q

Define symphysis

A

a firm joint, made of cartilage

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51
Q

Define synergist

A

muscle that acts alongside another muscle to produce movement

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52
Q

Define tibial

A

pertaining to the tibia

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53
Q

Define ulnar

A

pertaining to the ulna

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54
Q

Define xiphoid

xiph=sword
-oid=resemble

A

lowest portion of the
sternum, it is cartilage that is shaped like a sword

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55
Q

Arthr/o

A

joint

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56
Q

Burs/o

A

bursa

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57
Q

Carp/o

A

carpus/wrist

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58
Q

Chondr/o

A

cartilage

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59
Q

Clavicula/o

A

clavicle/collar bone

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60
Q

Coccyg/o

A

coccyx/tailbone

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61
Q

Cost/o

A

rib

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62
Q

Crani/o

A

skull

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63
Q

Femor/o

A

femur

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64
Q

Fibul/o

A

fibula (thin, lower leg bone)

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65
Q

Humer/o

A

humerus (upper arm bone)

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66
Q

ili/o

A

ilium (bone in the pelvis)

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67
Q

Ischi/o

A

ischium (bone in the pelvis)

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68
Q

Kyph/o

A

hump

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69
Q

Lord/o

A

bent backward

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70
Q

Mandibul/o

A

mandible (lower jaw)

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71
Q

Maxill/o

A

maxilla (upper jaw)

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72
Q

Metacarp/o

A

metacarpus (hand bones)

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73
Q

Metatars/o

A

metatarsus (foot bones)

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74
Q

Muscul/o

A

muscle

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75
Q

My/o

A

muscle

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76
Q

Oste/o

A

bone

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77
Q

Patell/o

A

patella (knee cap)

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78
Q

Phalang/o

A

phalanges (fingers & toes)

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79
Q

Pub/o

A

pubus (bone in the pelvis)

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80
Q

Radi/o

A

radius (part of forearm)

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81
Q

Sacr/o

A

sacrum

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82
Q

Scapul/o

A

scapula (shoulder blade)

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83
Q

Scoli/o

A

crooked/bent

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84
Q

Spondyl/o

A

vertebra

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85
Q

Stern/o

A

sternum

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86
Q

Tars/o

A

tarsus

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87
Q

Ten/o

A

tendon

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88
Q

Tendin/o

A

tendon

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89
Q

Tibi/o

A

Tibia (thicker lower leg bone)

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90
Q

Uln/o

A

ulna (part of forearm)

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91
Q

Vertebr/o

A

vertebra

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92
Q

Acr/o

A

extremity

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93
Q

Aden/o

A

gland

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94
Q

Albin/o

A

white

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95
Q

Ang/i

A

vessel

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96
Q

Caus/o

A

burn; burning

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97
Q

Cellul/o

A

little cell

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98
Q

Cutane/o

A

skin

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99
Q

Derm/a

A

skin

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100
Q

Dermat/o

A

skin

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101
Q

Erythr/o

A

red

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102
Q

Follicul/o

A

little bag

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103
Q

Hidr/o

A

sweat

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104
Q

Icter/o

A

jaundice

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105
Q

Integument/o

A

a covering

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106
Q

Kel/o

A

tumor

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107
Q

Kerat/o

A

horn

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108
Q

Leuk/o

A

white

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109
Q

Melan/o

A

black

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110
Q

Onych/o

A

nail

111
Q

Pachy/o

A

thick

112
Q

Pedicul/o

A

a louse

113
Q

Plak/o

A

plate

114
Q

Prurit/o

A

itching

115
Q

Rhytid/o

A

wrinkle

116
Q

Scler/o

A

hard; hardening

117
Q

Seb/o

A

oil

118
Q

Therm/o

A

hot; heat

119
Q

Vuls/o

A

to pull

120
Q

Trich/o

A

to pull

121
Q

Xanth/o

A

yellow

122
Q

Xer/o

A

dry

123
Q

What’s the function of skin?

A
  • protect the body
  • regulate temp
  • sense the surrounding environment
  • secrete various substances

largest organ of the body

124
Q

What’s the function of sweat glands?

A
  • secrete sweat, which is made up of water, salt & other chemicals
  • cools the body
125
Q

What’s the function of sebaceous glands?

A
  • secrete sebum, oily substance that protects the skin from dehydration
126
Q

Define epidermis

A
  • outer layer of the skin
  • made up of 5 layers
127
Q

Define melanin

A
  • pigment that colors the skin
  • found in the epidermis
128
Q

Define Langerhans cells

A
  • found in the stratum spinosum layer
  • protects the skin from invading microoragnisms
129
Q

Define keratin

A
  • protein that forms hair, nails & thick skin of the palms & soles
130
Q

Define dermis

A
  • deep to the epidermis
  • made up of connective tissue
  • contains nerves, nerve endings, blood vessels, elastic fibers, hair follicles, lymphatics, sebaceous & sweat glands
131
Q

Define macule

A

flat, discolored spot on the skin

EX: mole

132
Q

Define wheal

A

localized, temporary elevation of the skin that is itchy

EX: hives, urticaria

133
Q

Define papule

A

solid, confined, and elevated area on the skin

EX: pimple

134
Q

Define vesicle

A

small fluid-filled sac

EX: blister

135
Q

Define pustule

A

small, elevated confined lesion that is filled with pus

EX: pimple

136
Q

Define ulcer

A

erosion, or eating away, of healthy tissue

137
Q

Define fissure

A

crack-like slit that extends through the epidermis into the dermis

138
Q

Define hair

A

thin, stringlike structure that develops out of a hair follicle

139
Q

Define nails

A
  • located on fingers & toes
  • made up of hard keratin & cover the end of fingers & toes
  • made up of nail body & nail root
140
Q

Define nail bed

A
  • the epithelial tissue located deep to the nail body
  • pink in color due to the blood vessels that are located in the tissue
141
Q

Define nail root

A

fold of epithelial tissue that is not visible

142
Q

Define eponychium

A

-aka cuticle

  • small portion of the epithelial fold that extends over the base of the nail body
143
Q

Define lunula

A
  • crescent-shaped area at the base of the nail body that is lighter than the rest of the nail
  • caused by compression of blood vessels that are under the nail body
144
Q

Define free edge

A
  • top of the nail body & projects over the tip of the finger or toe
  • portion of the nail that is trimmed
145
Q

Define merocrine sweat glands

A
  • located throughout the body, more prevalent on soles of feet & palms of hands
  • release sweat directly to the skin’s surface
146
Q

Define apocrine sweat glands

A
  • located in the axillae, around the nipples & in groin
  • they begin to secrete sweat during puberty
  • secrete sweat into hair follicles
147
Q

Define acne

A

inflammation of the sebaceous glands & hair follicles that results in pustules & papules

148
Q

Define acne rosacea

A
  • chronic acne
  • red rash, tiny pimples, broken blood vessels typically on cheeks & nose
149
Q

Define alopecia

A

loss of hair, typically on head

150
Q

Define alopecia areata

A

hair loss in defined patches

151
Q

Define androgenetic alopecia

A

hair loss that results from aging

  • begins in frontal area of scalp & proceeds towards the back
152
Q

Define basal cell carcinoma

A
  • skin cancer found in the epidermis
  • largely result from sun exposure
153
Q

Define burns

A

tissue injuries that result from heat, fire, chemicals, electricity, lightning, or radiation being applied to the skin

154
Q

Define first-degree burn

A
  • affects the epidermis
  • results in erythema without blisters
155
Q

Define second-degree burn

A
  • extends through epidermis & into dermis
  • causes blisters to form
  • also called a partial thickness burn
156
Q

Define third-degree burn

A
  • full thickness burn
  • extends through epidermis, dermis, & underlying tissues
  • high risk for infection & fluid loss
157
Q

Define cellulitis

A
  • acute, diffuse inflammation of the skin and subcutaneous tissue
  • caused by a bacterial infection
  • red, painful, swollen
158
Q

Define decubitus ulcers

A
  • form on any part of the body that bears weight
  • form from pressure that obstructs blood flow for a long time
  • also called pressure sores
159
Q

Define ecchymosis

A
  • also called bruising
  • caused by trauma
  • black & blue appearance of the skin from the blood collecting under the skin
160
Q

Define eczema

A
  • acute or chronic inflammatory skin condition where the skin becomes red and itch
  • also called atopic dermatitis
161
Q

Define gangrene

A
  • tissue necrosis that is caused by a lack of blood supply
  • difficult to treat and requires wound debridement and IV antibiotics
162
Q

Define herpes simplex

A
  • viral infection caused by the herpes virus type 1
  • causes painful blisters around the lips & the nose
163
Q

Define herpes zoster

A
  • viral infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus
  • occurs along nerve root
  • causes very painful blisters to form along the nerve on the skin
  • also called shingles
164
Q

Define impetigo

A
  • inflammatory skin disease that presents with pustules and vesicles that rupture and become crusted
  • can result from a strep or staph infection
165
Q

Define malignant melanoma

A
  • skin cancer that is aggressive and can metastasize
  • originates in a melanocyte
166
Q

Define pediculosis

A

infection caused by lice

167
Q

Define psoriasis

A

chronic inflammatory condition where crusty papules form patches on the skin

168
Q

Define scabies

A
  • infection from a mite that burrows into the dermis of the skin and deposits eggs
  • treated with a topical scabicide
169
Q

Define squamous cell carcinoma

A
  • skin cancer that starts in the epidermis.
  • causes ulcers
  • rarely metastasizes
170
Q

Define tinea corporis

A
  • also called ringworm
  • contagious fungal infection of the skin that results in scaling, discolored, & well-defined skin lesions that are itchy and appear as patches
171
Q

Define varicella

A
  • viral infection of herpes zoster
  • also called chickenpox
  • causes fever and headache
  • sx include: skin rash of macules, papules, vesicles, and crusts
172
Q

Define vitiligo

A

skin condition where the pigment of the skin disappears, and the area appears white

173
Q

Define flexion

A

bending a limb

174
Q

Define extension

A

straightening a flexed limb

175
Q

Define circumduction

A

moving a body part away from the middle

176
Q

Define abduction

A

moving a body part away the middle

177
Q

Define adduction

A

moving a body part toward the middle

178
Q

Define protraction

A

moving a body part forward

179
Q

Define retraction

A

moving a body part backward

180
Q

Define rotation

A

moving a body part around in a central axis

181
Q

Define dorsiflexion

A

bending a body part backward

182
Q

Define pronation

A

turning the palm downward

183
Q

Define supination

A

turning the palm upward

184
Q

Define eversion

A

turning the sole outward

185
Q

Define inversion

A

turning the sole inward

186
Q

BCC

A

basal cell carcinoma

187
Q

BX, bx

A

biopsy

188
Q

C&S

A

culture & sensitivity

189
Q

Decub

A

decubitus ulcer

190
Q

Derm

A

dermatology

191
Q

HSV

A

Herpes Simplex Virus

192
Q

I&D

A

incision & drainage

193
Q

ID

A

intradermal

194
Q

MM

A

malignant melanoma

195
Q

PPD

A

purified protein derivative

196
Q

SCC

A

squamous cell carcinoma

197
Q

SG

A

skin graft

198
Q

STSG

A

split thickness skin graft

199
Q

Subq

A

subcutaneous

200
Q

Abrasion

A

skin in jury that scrapes away the surface of the skin

201
Q

Abscess

A

collection of pus in the skin

202
Q

Albinism

A

genetic condition where there is partial or complete absence of pigment in the skin, hair & eyes

203
Q

Anhindrosis

A

condition where the pt is not able to sweat

204
Q

Autograft

A

graft taken from pt’s body and transferred to another part of the same pt

205
Q

Avulsion

A

when part or structure of the body, such as finger or toe, has been forcibly torn off the body

206
Q

Biopsy

A

surgical procedure to remove a piece of tissue for further evaluation under a microscope

207
Q

Bulla

A

large blister

208
Q

Cauterization

A

intentional destruction of tissue by a caustic chemical, electric current, laser or freezing

209
Q

Cyst

A

fluid filled sac in the skin

210
Q

Chemabrasion

A

removal of superficial layers of skin using chemicals

211
Q

Comedo

A

blackhead

212
Q

Contusion

A

blunt trauma to the skin that results in bruising w/o a beak in the skin

213
Q

Cryosurgery

A

using extreme cold to freeze & destroy tissue

214
Q

Culture & Sensitivity

A

lab test to determine specific bacteria causing an infection, as well as bacteria’s sensitivity to different abx

215
Q

Debridement

A

removal of foreign material, dead and/or damaged tissue from a wound

216
Q

Dehiscience

A

complication of wound healing where the edges of the wound reopen & separate

217
Q

Dermabrasion

A

scraping the skin with sandpaper or rotating wire brushes

218
Q

Dermatologist

A

physician who specializes in the study of the skin

219
Q

Erythema

A

redness of the skin

220
Q

Eschar

A

scab, slough

221
Q

Exudate

A

oozing of pus or serum

222
Q

Keloid

A

thick & raised scar caused by excessive collagen formation

223
Q

Laceration

A

wound in the skin w/ a jagged edge, typically caused by trauma

224
Q

Lesion

A

general term that indicates any type of abnormality in the skin

225
Q

Necrosis

A

area of tissue death

226
Q

Nevus

A

pigmented skin blemish, birthmark or mole

227
Q

Nodule

A

solid, raised area of skin cells

228
Q

Omychia

A

inflamed nail bed

229
Q

Petechiae

A

flat, pinpoint, purplish spots from bleeding that is underneath the skin

230
Q

Pruritus

A

severe itching

231
Q

Purpura

A

bruises that occur in older adults within thin, easily damaged skin

232
Q

Pyogenic

A

producing pus

233
Q

Seborrhea

A

oil discharge from the sebaceous glands

234
Q

Skin graft

A

transfer of healthy skin to cover another damaged area

235
Q

Trichophagia

A

hair eating

236
Q

Urticaria

A

skin eruption of pale reddish wheal with severe itching

also called hives

237
Q

Ungal

A

pertaining to the nail

238
Q

Define arthritis

A

inflammation of a joint

239
Q

Define rheumatoid arthritis

A

destruction of the joint caused by someone’s immune system

240
Q

Define osteoarthritis

A

inflammation of a joint that results from general use of the joint as the body ages

241
Q

Define inflammation

A

common cause of pain & tenderness in the musculoskeletal system

242
Q

Define bursitis

A

inflammation of a bursa

243
Q

Define tendinitis

A

inflammation of a tendon

244
Q

Define fasciitis

A

inflammation of the fascia

245
Q

Define myositis

A

inflammation of the muscle

246
Q

Define carpal tunnel syndrome

A

syndrome of pain, soreness, tenderness, weakness, numbness & tingling of the hand & wrist due to compression of the medial nerve that goes underneath a ligament that connects to wrist bones

common in those who do repetitive motions such as hairdressers or wrking on a computer

247
Q

Define Genu valgum & genu varum

A

abnormal conditions of the legs that can develop as a child grows

“knock knee” where ankles are far apart & knees are together

“bowleg” where legs are bowed & knees are far apart when a child stands

248
Q

Define gout

A

disease where the pt develops pain the small joints of the hands & feet due to deposits of uric acid crystals in the joint

249
Q

Define kyphosis

A

where the curve located in the thoracic portion of the skin becomes exaggerated

produces a “humpback”

250
Q

Define lordosis

A

exaggeration of the normal lumbar curve

pushes the abdomen & buttocks out

251
Q

Define scoliosis

A

abnormal lateral curve to the spine

252
Q

Define myeloma

A

tumor in the bone marrow

253
Q

Define osteoscarcoma

A

malignant tumor of the bone

254
Q

Define myoma

A

tumor of the muscle

255
Q

Define myosarcoma

A

malignant tumor of the muscle tissue

256
Q

Define osteomyelitis

A

inflammation of the bone & bone marrow

caused by infection from a pathogenic organism

257
Q

Define osteoporosis

A

condition where bone density decreases, which causes bone fragility

can lead to weakness & increased in bone fractures

most common in postmenopausal women

258
Q

Why can fractures occur

A

due to trauma or disease

259
Q

Define closed or simple fractures

A

don’t involve a break in the skin

260
Q

Define open or compound fractures

A

don’t involve a break

can cause infection or bleeding

261
Q

Define comminuted fracture

A

where a bone is shattered

262
Q

Define transverse fracture

A

break in the shaft of the bone

263
Q

Define compression fracture

A

when 2 bones are pressed together

264
Q

Define Greenstick & epiphyseal fractures

A

bones that are not fully calcified & are more flexible

more common in children

265
Q

Define ORIF or open reduction, internal fixation procedure

A

surgical repair of a severe fracture

266
Q

Define muscular dystrophy

A

group of genetic disease that cause progressive weakness & degeneration

267
Q

Define arthrocentesis

A

surgical procedure to remove fluid in a joint

268
Q

Define arthroscopy

A

surgical procedure to examine the inside of a joint with a camera

269
Q

Define arthroplasty

A

surgical procedure used to repair a joint

can be repaired partially or completely

270
Q

Define bone marrow transplant

A

surgical procedure where bone marrow is taken from a donor & placed into a pt

used to treat cancers

271
Q

Define craniectomy

A

surgical excision of a portion of the skull

272
Q

Define craniotomy

A

surgical incision made into the skull

273
Q

Define laminectomy

A

surgical excision of a portion of the vertebrae

274
Q

Define spondylosyndesis

A

means spinal binding

surgical procedure where 2 vertebrae are fused together

results in loss of movement between the vertebrae

common tx for back pain caused by injury to the intervertebral discs

BIOD-103 Medical Terminology (14 decks)

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