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BIOD-103 Medical Terminology > Module 4.1 Intro to the A&P > Flashcards

Module 4.1 Intro to the A&P Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Function of adrenals

Location: abdomen, above the kidneys

A

regulates Na and K+, carb metabolism, sex hormones & epinephrine secretion in emergencies

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2
Q

Function of pituitary gland

Location: brain

A

master gland, regulates other endocrine glands

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3
Q

Function of the pineal gland

Location: brain

A

regulates sleep

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4
Q

Function of the pancreas

Location: epigastric area of the abdomen

A

blood glucose regulation

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5
Q

Function of thyroid

Location: neck

A

metabolism, growth, development

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6
Q

Function of parathyroid

Location: neck

A

maintains calcium & phosphate levels

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7
Q

Function of thymus

Location: mediastinum

A

regulates immune system

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8
Q

Function of ovaries & testes

Location: pelvis

A

male & female secondary sexual characteristics

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9
Q

Function of the Endocrine System

A

controls the secretion of hormones from several glands located throughout the body

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10
Q

What are glands

A

secrete or release hormones into the bloodstream

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11
Q

What are hormones

A

chemical substances that are released from the glands in small amounts & travel through the blood to other tissues & organs

transfer info & instructions from one area to another

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12
Q

What do hormones regulate

A
  • growth & development
  • tissue function
  • metabolism
  • homeostasis
  • sexual function
  • mood
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13
Q

What is endocrinology

A

study of the endocrine system

subspecialty: internal medicine

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13
Q

What is an endocrinologist

A

physician that diagnoses & treats the conditions of the endocrine system

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14
Q

Define pituitary gland

A
  • located at the base of the brain
  • can be divided into anterior & posterior sections
    Anterior called adenohypophysis
    Posterior called neurohypophysis
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15
Q

Adenohypophysis secretes what hormones?

A
  • growth hormone GH
  • adrenocorticotropin ACTH
  • thyroid stimulating hormone TSH
  • follicle stimulating hormone FSH / luteinizing hormone LH
  • prolactin hormone
  • melanocyte stimulating hormone
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16
Q

Define growth hormone GH

A

regulates the growth & development of the bones, muscles, and other organs

17
Q

Define adrenocorticotropin hormone ACTH

A

regulates the growth of the adrenal cortex

18
Q

Define thyroid stimulating hormone TSH

A

stimulates the growth of the thyroid gland

19
Q

Define follicule stimulating hormone FSH / luteinizing hormone LH

A

control the sex glands in males & females

20
Q

Define prolactin hormone

A

stimulates the growth & development of the mammary glands

21
Q

Define melanocyte stimlulating hormone

A

controls skin pigmentation

22
Q

Neurohypophysis secretes what hormone?

A

antidiuretic hormone ADH

23
Q

Define antidiuretic hormone ADH

A

regulates the secretion or reabsorption of water in the kidneys and oxytocin

24
Q

Define oxytocin

A

stimulates the uterus to contract during childbirth & release milk from the mammary glands

25
Q

Define pineal gland

A

secretes melatonin & serotonin

26
Q

Define melatonin

A

important in the regulation of the body’s sleep-wake cycle

27
Q

Define serotonin

A

stimulates the nervous system by regulating neurotransmitters, smooth muscles, and gastric secretions

28
Q

Define thyroid gland

A
  • secretes hormones that are involved in metabolism
  • larger gland in the neck, anterior to the trachea
29
Q

Define thyroxine T4

A

maintains & regulates the basic metabolic rate of the body, growth & development of the body, metabolism of nutrients, water, vitamins, & minerals

30
Q

Define triiodothyronine T3

A

regulates basic metabolic rate

31
Q

Define calcitonin

A

involved bone & calcium metabolism

32
Q

Define parathyroid glands

A
  • located on the thyroid gland in 2 pairs: superior & inferior pair
  • secrete parathyroid hormone PTH
33
Q

Define parathyroid hormone PTH

A

involved in maintaining calcium levels & metabolism of phosphorus

34
Q

Define adrenal medulla

A

inner portion of the adrenal gland

35
Q

What hormones are produced in the the adrenal gland

A

dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine

36
Q

What hormones are involved in sympathetic nervous system

A

catecholamines: dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine

37
Q

Define ovaries

A
  • produce estrogen & progesterone which regulate the sex organs
38
Q

Define testes

A

product testosterone which are involved in regulation of the male sex organs

39
Q

Define placenta

A
  • produced during pregnancy
  • secretes hormones involved in the growth & development of the fetus
40
Q

Define thymus

A

located in the mediastinum in front of the heart

  • secretes hormones thymosin & thymopoietin that funciton in the immune system

BIOD-103 Medical Terminology (14 decks)

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