Module 4.1 Intro to the A&P Flashcards
Function of adrenals
Location: abdomen, above the kidneys
regulates Na and K+, carb metabolism, sex hormones & epinephrine secretion in emergencies
Function of pituitary gland
Location: brain
master gland, regulates other endocrine glands
Function of the pineal gland
Location: brain
regulates sleep
Function of the pancreas
Location: epigastric area of the abdomen
blood glucose regulation
Function of thyroid
Location: neck
metabolism, growth, development
Function of parathyroid
Location: neck
maintains calcium & phosphate levels
Function of thymus
Location: mediastinum
regulates immune system
Function of ovaries & testes
Location: pelvis
male & female secondary sexual characteristics
Function of the Endocrine System
controls the secretion of hormones from several glands located throughout the body
What are glands
secrete or release hormones into the bloodstream
What are hormones
chemical substances that are released from the glands in small amounts & travel through the blood to other tissues & organs
transfer info & instructions from one area to another
What do hormones regulate
- growth & development
- tissue function
- metabolism
- homeostasis
- sexual function
- mood
What is endocrinology
study of the endocrine system
subspecialty: internal medicine
What is an endocrinologist
physician that diagnoses & treats the conditions of the endocrine system
Define pituitary gland
- located at the base of the brain
- can be divided into anterior & posterior sections
Anterior called adenohypophysis
Posterior called neurohypophysis
Adenohypophysis secretes what hormones?
- growth hormone GH
- adrenocorticotropin ACTH
- thyroid stimulating hormone TSH
- follicle stimulating hormone FSH / luteinizing hormone LH
- prolactin hormone
- melanocyte stimulating hormone
Define growth hormone GH
regulates the growth & development of the bones, muscles, and other organs
Define adrenocorticotropin hormone ACTH
regulates the growth of the adrenal cortex
Define thyroid stimulating hormone TSH
stimulates the growth of the thyroid gland
Define follicule stimulating hormone FSH / luteinizing hormone LH
control the sex glands in males & females
Define prolactin hormone
stimulates the growth & development of the mammary glands
Define melanocyte stimlulating hormone
controls skin pigmentation
Neurohypophysis secretes what hormone?
antidiuretic hormone ADH
Define antidiuretic hormone ADH
regulates the secretion or reabsorption of water in the kidneys and oxytocin
Define oxytocin
stimulates the uterus to contract during childbirth & release milk from the mammary glands
Define pineal gland
secretes melatonin & serotonin
Define melatonin
important in the regulation of the body’s sleep-wake cycle
Define serotonin
stimulates the nervous system by regulating neurotransmitters, smooth muscles, and gastric secretions
Define thyroid gland
- secretes hormones that are involved in metabolism
- larger gland in the neck, anterior to the trachea
Define thyroxine T4
maintains & regulates the basic metabolic rate of the body, growth & development of the body, metabolism of nutrients, water, vitamins, & minerals
Define triiodothyronine T3
regulates basic metabolic rate
Define calcitonin
involved bone & calcium metabolism
Define parathyroid glands
- located on the thyroid gland in 2 pairs: superior & inferior pair
- secrete parathyroid hormone PTH
Define parathyroid hormone PTH
involved in maintaining calcium levels & metabolism of phosphorus
Define adrenal medulla
inner portion of the adrenal gland
What hormones are produced in the the adrenal gland
dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine
What hormones are involved in sympathetic nervous system
catecholamines: dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine
Define ovaries
- produce estrogen & progesterone which regulate the sex organs
Define testes
product testosterone which are involved in regulation of the male sex organs
Define placenta
- produced during pregnancy
- secretes hormones involved in the growth & development of the fetus
Define thymus
located in the mediastinum in front of the heart
- secretes hormones thymosin & thymopoietin that funciton in the immune system
