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EMSP 1501 > Module 40 Exam > Flashcards

Module 40 Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following is a normal change in pregnancy?

A

increased respiratory rates and decreased minute volumes.

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2
Q

When transporting a pregnant patient in her third trimester, how should you position her?

A

on her left side

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3
Q

When does the onset of labor begin?

A

uterine contractions begin.

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4
Q

If amniotic fluid is green, what does this signify?

A

Meconium

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5
Q

As you are delivering the head during birth, you observe the umbilical cord is wrapped once around the neck. What should you do?

A

try and slip the cord gently over the head.

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6
Q

What would the Apgar score be for a newborn whose body is pink but whose hands and feet are cyanotic, has a pulse rate of 98 bpm, cries but does not recoil from stimulus, resists attempts to straighten hips and knees, and has slow respirations?

A

6

The Apgar score would be 6: 1 for appearance, 1 for pulse, 1 for irritability, 2 for activity, and 1 for respiration.

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7
Q

If a newborn’s heart rate is 75 bpm, what should you do?

A

Begin assisted ventilation with a BVM and room air.

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8
Q

What is a primary characteristic of eclampsia?

A

seizures

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9
Q

Which of the following is a sign that delivery is imminent?

A

crowning

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10
Q

The answer to which of the following questions will help you determine whether delivery for this patient is imminent?

A

is this your first baby.

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11
Q

Your 22-year-old patient is in active labor. Upon visual inspection, you note that the infant’s leg is protruding from the vagina. Appropriate management of this situation includes:

A

placing the mother supine with her head down and pelvis elevated.

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12
Q

Which of the following statements regarding suctioning of a newborn’s mouth and oropharynx is correct?

A

Suctioning is indicated prior to cutting the cord if respiratory distress is present.

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13
Q

The amniotic fluid serves to:

A

Insulate and protect the fetus.

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14
Q

Which of the following questions is of least pertinence when determining whether a mother will deliver her baby within the next few minutes?

A

“Have you had a sonogram?”.

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15
Q

A mother who is pregnant with her first baby is typically in the first stage of labor for approximately:

A

16 hours

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16
Q

The umbilical cord:

A

Carries oxygen to the baby via the umbilical vein.

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17
Q

A 26-year-old female who is 34 weeks pregnant is experiencing a seizure. Her husband tells you that her blood pressure has been high and that she had been complaining of a headache for the past few days. You should:

A

Place her on her side, administer high-flow oxygen, and transport.

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18
Q

Abruptio placenta occurs when:

A

the placenta prematurely separates from the uterine wall.

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19
Q

The only indications for placing your gloved fingers in the vagina during delivery are:

A

Breech presentation and prolapsed umbilical cord.

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20
Q

Which of the following statements regarding gestational diabetes is correct?

A

In some cases, women with gestational diabetes require insulin injections.

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21
Q

After delivery of a pulseless and apneic infant who has a foul odor, skin sloughing, and diffuse blistering, you should:

A

Provide emotional support to the mother.

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22
Q

If a newborn’s heart rate is less than 60 beats/min following delivery, you should:

A

Provide ventilations for 30 seconds.

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23
Q

Following delivery of a full-term baby, you have properly cared for the baby and have clamped and cut the umbilical cord. During transport, you note that the mother is experiencing moderate vaginal bleeding. You should:

A

Firmly massage the uterine fundus with a circular motion.

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24
Q

Signs and symptoms of preeclampsia include:

A

Headache and edema.

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25
Q

Placenta previa is defined as:

A

Development of the placenta over the cervical opening.

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26
Q

While examining a woman in labor, you see the umbilical cord protruding from the vagina. You should:

A

gently push the infant’s head away from the cord.

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27
Q

You have just delivered a baby boy. His body is pink, but his hands and feet are blue. His heart rate is approximately 110 beats/min, and his respirations are rapid and irregular. He has a weak cry when stimulated and resists attempts to straighten his legs. His Apgar score is:

A

8

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28
Q

Which of the following statements regarding a breech presentation is correct?

A

A breech presentation occurs when the buttocks are the presenting part.

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29
Q

The third stage of labor begins when the:

A

baby is expelled from the vagina.

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30
Q

You have just delivered a premature baby. Your assessment reveals that he is breathing adequately; however, his heart rate is 90 beats/min. You should:

A

Keep him warm and ventilate with a BVM

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31
Q

You have just delivered a full-term infant. His respirations are rapid and irregular, and he has a strong cry. What should you do next?

A

Check the pulse rate at the brachial artery

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32
Q

Which of the following occurs during true labor?

A

Uterine contractions become more regular.

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33
Q

A nuchal cord is defined as an umbilical cord that:

A

Is wrapped around the baby’s neck.

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34
Q

With which age group should you talk to the child, not just the parent, while taking the medical history?

A

school-aged children (6-12y/o)

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35
Q

Which of the following statements is TRUE about a child’s breathing?

A

less air is exchanged with each breath, detection of poor air movement or complete absence of breath sounds in a child can be difficult.

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36
Q

What does the PAT assess?

A

appearance, work of breathing, and circulation.

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37
Q

What should you use the Wong-Baker FACES scale to determine?

A

pain level in children

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38
Q

Which condition does respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) cause?

A

Bronchiolitis

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39
Q

You are assessing a 6-year-old boy who has a fever of 102°F and is showing signs of altered LOC. He complains of pain when he tries to turn his head. Which condition should you suspect?

A

meningitis.
(a fever and pain in the neck are signs of meningitis)

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40
Q

In a normal adult, greater than 30% to 40% of blood volume loss significantly increases the risk of shock. What is the threshold blood volume loss in children?

A

25% and greater

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41
Q

You are using JumpSTART in a triage situation involving several children. How would you tag a patient who is breathing spontaneously, has a peripheral pulse, and is appropriately responsive to painful stimuli?

A

yellow tag.
Treatment and transport can be delayed.

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42
Q

You are responding to a 9-1-1 call where the mother reported finding her 3-month-old daughter cyanotic and unresponsive in her crib. When you stimulate the child, she responds. This is an example of which condition?

A

Apparent life threatening event

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43
Q

If a pediatric patient begins seizing again during your care, which of the following would be your treatment priority?

A

securing and clearing the airway

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44
Q

When a child is struck by a car, the area of greatest injury depends mostly on the:

A

size of the child and the height of the bumper upon impact.

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45
Q

Before positioning an infant or child’s airway, you should:

A

place him or her on a firm surface.

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46
Q

Which of the following statements regarding preschool-age children is correct?

A

They can usually identify painful areas when questioned.

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47
Q

Which of the following statements regarding a pediatric patient’s anatomy is correct?

A

Children have a larger, rounder occiput compared to adults.

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48
Q

The first month of life after birth is referred to as the:

A

neonatal period

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49
Q

A common cause of shock in an infant is:

A

dehydration from vomiting and diarrhea.

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50
Q

When ventilating a pediatric patient with a bag-valve mask, the EMT should:

A

block the pop-off valve if needed to achieve adequate chest rise.

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51
Q

When assessing an 8-year-old child, you should:

A

talk to the child, not just the caregiver

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52
Q

The components of the pediatric assessment triangle (PAT) are:

A

appearance, work of breathing, and skin circulation.

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53
Q

A 5-year-old child has had severe vomiting and diarrhea for 4 days. Which of the following assessment findings would be the most indicative of decompensated shock?

A

Blood pressure of 70/40 mm Hg

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54
Q

When immobilizing an injured child in a pediatric immobilization device, you should:

A

secure the torso before the head

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55
Q

You are dispatched to a local elementary school for an injured child. As you approach the child, you note that he is lying at the base of the monkey bars. He is unresponsive, and there are no signs of breathing. You should:

A

stabilize his head and check for a pulse.

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56
Q

Early signs of respiratory distress in the child include:

A

restlessness.

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57
Q

Which of the following is an appropriate dose of activated charcoal for a 20-kg child?

A

20g

58
Q

Which of the following statements regarding a 3-month-old infant is correct?

A

A 3-month-old infant can distinguish a parent from a stranger.

59
Q

The normal respiratory rate for a newborn should not exceed ____ breaths/min.

A

60

60
Q

Before assessing the respiratory adequacy of a semiconscious infant or child, you must:

A

ensure that the airway is patent and clear of obstructions.

61
Q

Signs of an upper airway obstruction in an infant or child include all of the following, except:

A

wheezing

62
Q

An 8-year-old female with a history of asthma continues to experience severe respiratory distress despite being given multiple doses of her prescribed albuterol by her mother. She is conscious but clearly restless. Her heart rate is 130 beats/min, and her respiratory rate is 30 breaths/min. She is receiving high-flow oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask. You should:

A

be prepared to assist her ventilations, transport at once, and request an ALS intercept en route to the hospital.

63
Q

The presence of meconium in the amniotic fluid indicates:

A

The presence of meconium in the amniotic fluid indicates:

64
Q

A viral infection that might cause obstruction of the upper airway in a child is called:

A

croup

65
Q

A 6-year-old male presents with acute respiratory distress. His mother states that she saw him put a small toy into his mouth shortly before the episode began. The child is conscious, obviously frightened, and is coughing forcefully. You should:

A

encourage him to cough, give oxygen as tolerated, and transport.

66
Q

A 2-year-old female has experienced a seizure. When you arrive at the scene, the child is conscious, crying, and clinging to her mother. Her skin is hot and moist. The mother tells you that the seizure lasted approximately 5 minutes. She further tells you that her daughter has no history of seizures but has had a recent ear infection. You should:

A

cool the child with tepid water and transport to the hospital.

67
Q

Cardiac arrest in the pediatric population is most commonly the result of:

A

failure of the respiratory system.

68
Q

The most ominous sign of impending cardiopulmonary arrest in infants and children is:

A

bradycardia

69
Q

Common causes of seizures in children include all of the following, except:

A

hyperglycemia.

70
Q

Signs and symptoms of meningitis in the infant or child include all of the following, except:

A

sunken fontanelles.

71
Q

Signs of a severe airway obstruction in an infant or child include:

A

an ineffective cough.

72
Q

Which interview technique should you use when addressing a geriatric patient?

A

Listen carefully to the answers the patient provides.

73
Q

You are assessing an 80-year-old patient who explains that he was awakened by a sudden feeling of suffocation and respiratory distress. These symptoms are characteristic of:

A

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

74
Q

Which of the following is a noncontrollable risk factor for stroke?

A

age

75
Q

In arteriosclerosis, overproduction of abnormal collagen and decreased quantities of elastin lead to:

A

Decreased coronary artery perfusion

76
Q

Which of the following statements is true regarding delirium?

A

Memory remains intact.

77
Q

You are working on a geriatric patient who reports severe abdominal pain radiating through her back and flank. She also reports discomfort in her right leg, and your assessment reveals a diminished pulse in this extremity. What should you suspect?

A

Abdominal aortic aneurysm

78
Q

Which of the following groups is most likely to commit suicide?

A

White males older than 85 years

79
Q

Which of the following would be part of the “S” part of the GEMS diamond?

A

Activities of daily living

80
Q

During auscultation of a patient’s lungs, you hear crackles. These lung sounds are caused by air passing through:

A

Fluid in the alveoli

81
Q

Which of the following questions should you ask if you suspect a patient may have congestive heart failure?

A

“How many pillows do you sleep on?”

82
Q

Talking about an elderly patient in front of him or her to other members of the family:

A

may cause the patient to think that he or she has no say in making decisions.

83
Q

To minimize distractions and confusion when assessing an older patient, you should:

A

have only one EMT speak to the patient at a time.

84
Q

An older woman with osteoporosis presents with pain and deformity to her left hip after she shifted her weight onto her other foot. She has most likely experienced a(n):

A

pathologic fracture

85
Q

An abdominal aortic aneurysm:

A

is often the result of hypertension and atherosclerosis.

86
Q

When an elderly patient presents you with multiple over-the-counter medications that he or she is taking, it is most important to:

A

recall that the patient is at risk for negative medication interactions.

87
Q

A 75-year-old woman complains of shortness of breath. Which of the following findings should alert the EMT to the possibility of a pulmonary embolism?

A

history of deep vein thrombosis

88
Q

You receive a call for a sick person. When you arrive, you find the patient, a 75-year-old male, lying unresponsive in his bed. His respirations are slow and irregular, and his pulse is slow and weak. His daughter tells you that he fell the day before but refused to allow her to call 9-1-1. His past medical history is significant for hypothyroidism, deep vein thrombosis, heavy alcohol use, and liver cirrhosis. His medications include blood thinners and vitamins. You should be most suspicious that this patient is experiencing:

A

a subdural hematoma

89
Q

Upon arriving at the residence of an elderly female who apparently fainted, you find the patient lying supine on her living room floor. She is not moving, and her eyes are closed. A neighbor tells you that she found the patient this way but did not move her. When you gently tap the patient, she does not respond. You should:

A

direct your partner to manually stabilize her head while you quickly visualize her chest for signs of breathing.

90
Q

As a person ages, the heart might enlarge as a result of:

A

chronically increased after load

91
Q

Because of the complexity of the older patient and the vagueness of his or her complaint, you should:

A

attempt to differentiate between chronic and acute problems.

92
Q

A “silent” heart attack occurs when:

A

the usual chest pain is not present

93
Q

Which of the following patients is at highest risk for a pulmonary embolism?

A

71-year-old male with recent surgery to a lower extremity

94
Q

The EMT should suspect left-sided heart failure in the geriatric patient who presents with:

A

tachypnea and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea.

95
Q

A specific legal document that directs relatives and caregivers regarding the medical treatment that may be given to patients who cannot speak for themselves is called a(n):

A

advance directive

96
Q

When performing your secondary assessment on an older patient who has been injured, it is important to:

A

recall that it will take a less severe mechanism of injury to cause significant injuries.

97
Q

Which of the following observations or statements represents the “E” in the GEMS diamond?

A

The patient’s residence is cold due to a malfunctioning heater.

98
Q

Which of the following statements regarding suicide in the older patient is correct?

A

Older patients tend to use more lethal means than younger patients.

99
Q

When assessing a 78-year-old female who complains of shortness of breath, the EMT should:

A

determine the position in which the patient normally sleeps.

100
Q

When documenting a case of suspected elder abuse, it is most important for the EMT to:

A

avoid documenting any unsupported opinions.

101
Q

When assessing an older patient who has multiple bruises in various stages of healing, the EMT should do all of the following, except:

A

accuse a caregiver of physical abuse

102
Q

Upon entering the residence of a geriatric patient with a medical or trauma complaint, the EMT should:

A

observe for conditions that may make the residence unsafe.

103
Q

You are assessing a 70-year-old female who complains of intense thirst, frequent urination, and dizziness. She has a history of type 2 diabetes, heart disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and gout. Her blood glucose reads “high.” She is conscious but confused. Her blood pressure is 92/52 mm Hg, her pulse rate is 130 beats/min and weak, and her respirations are 22 breaths/min and shallow. This patient’s clinical presentation is most consistent with:

A

hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome.

104
Q

Which of the following statements regarding the aging process is correct?

A

The process of aging is gradual, and the rate at which a person loses functions does not increase with age.

105
Q

When faced with a situation in which an older patient with a terminal illness is in cardiac arrest, but written documentation regarding the patient’s wishes cannot be located, the EMT should:

A

attempt to resuscitate the patient

106
Q

When assessing a geriatric patient who has possibly experienced an acute ischemic stroke, it is most important to:

A

determine the onset of the patient’s symptoms.

107
Q

Which of the following is the most common mechanism of injury in older patients?

A

falls

108
Q

EMTs are dispatched to a residence for an 80-year-old woman who is ill. The patient’s daughter states that her mother almost fainted after going to the bathroom and that her pulse was very slow. The patient’s pulse rate is 80 beats/min and irregular, and she is conscious and alert. The EMTs should suspect that the patient:

A

experienced a vasovagal response

109
Q

Which of the following techniques should you use when you are communicating with a patient who has autism?

A

Speak normally and provide simple, one-step directions.

110
Q

What does the TEAM acronym stand for?

A

Trust Every Available Member

111
Q

Nerve damage to the inner ear results in:

A

Sensorineural deafness

112
Q

You are at the home of an elderly man who has a tracheostomy tube and is on mechanical ventilation. His ventilator has malfunctioned. Once you disconnect the ventilator, what should you do?

A

Deliver oxygen using a face mask over the stoma.

113
Q

A patient with epilepsy is likely to have which of the following medical devices?

A

Vagus nerve stimulator

114
Q

Which of the following is the best source of information when you are dealing with an autistic patient?

A

Family members/caregivers

115
Q

Which of the following mnemonics is helpful when you are dealing with a tracheostomy tube obstruction?

A

DOPE

116
Q

What does the Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA) dictate?

A

All health care facilities must provide a medical assessment and treatment, regardless of the patient’s ability to pay.

117
Q

When you are treating a patient with spina bifida, which of the following is most likely to produce anaphylaxis?

A

Latex

118
Q

What is the best way to transport an obese patient?

A

With the head elevated

119
Q

EMTs are dispatched for a patient in cardiac arrest. When they arrive, they find that the patient is pulseless, apneic, and wearing an external defibrillator vest. In this situation, the EMTs should:

A

perform CPR and leave the vest in place.

120
Q

When enlisting the help of an interpreter who signs, it is important for you to ask the interpreter to:

A

report exactly what the patient signs and not to add any commentary

121
Q

Characteristic anatomic features of Down syndrome include:

A

A round head with a flat occiput

122
Q

Because hearing-impaired patients typically have more difficulty hearing high-frequency sounds, it is important for you to:

A

lower the pitch of your voice

123
Q

When caring for patients with cerebral palsy, it is important to remember that:

A

their limbs are often underdeveloped and are prone to injury.

124
Q

You respond to a residence for a 9-year-old female with Down syndrome who is sick. When you arrive at the scene and assess the patient, you determine that she is unresponsive and has gurgling respirations. You should:

A

open her airway with a manual maneuver, suction her oropharynx, and insert a simple airway adjunct.

125
Q

Which of the following would be the most practical method of communicating with a hearing-impaired patient until his or her hearing aids can be located?

A

using a piece of paper and writing utensil to ask questions

126
Q

Vagus nerve stimulators may be an alternative treatment to medication for patients with:

A

chronic seizure disorders

127
Q

A tube from the brain to the abdomen that drains excessive cerebrospinal fluid is called a:

A

shunt

128
Q

Common complications associated with central venous catheters include all of the following, except:

A

rupture of a central vein.

129
Q

Patients with autism:

A

have extreme difficulty with complex tasks that require many steps.

130
Q

As many as 40% of patients with Down syndrome have:

A

a heart condition.

131
Q

Which of the following conditions would most likely be encountered in a patient with cerebral palsy?

A

Seizure disorder

132
Q

EMTs are dispatched for a fall. The patient, a 16-year-old female with Down syndrome, is experiencing difficulty walking and says that her fingers “feel like needles.” The EMTs should suspect:

A

cervical spine injury

133
Q

When caring for a patient who is visually impaired, it is important to:

A

tell him or her what is happening, identify noises, and describe the situation and surroundings.

134
Q

Under what circumstances is a left ventricular assist device used?

A

as a bridge to heart transplantation while a donor heart is being located

135
Q

When caring for a morbidly obese patient, you should:

A

establish his or her chief complaint and then communicate your plan to help

136
Q

Which of the following statements regarding interaction with the caregiver of a child or adult with special health care needs is correct?

A

Communication with the patient’s caregiver or family members is important because they are the most familiar with the patient’s condition.

137
Q

When interacting with an intellectually disabled patient, the best approach is to:

A

ask your team members to wait until you can establish a rapport with the patient.

138
Q

When assessing or providing care to a patient with an intellectual disability, you should:

A

be observant for signs of fear or reluctance from the patient.

139
Q

Which of the following statements regarding gastrostomy (gastric) tubes is correct?

A

Patients with a gastrostomy tube may still be at risk for aspiration

140
Q

General care for a patient with a tracheostomy tube includes all of the following, except:

A

removing the tube if the area around it appears to be infected

141
Q

You receive a call to a residence for an apneic 2-month-old male. When you arrive at the scene, the infant’s mother tells you that her son was born prematurely and that his apnea monitor has alarmed four times in the past 30 minutes. Your assessment of the infant reveals that he is conscious and active. His skin is pink and dry, and he is breathing at an adequate rate and with adequate tidal depth. His oxygen saturation reads 98% on room air. You should:

A

transport the infant to the hospital and bring the apnea monitor with you.

EMSP 1501 (11 decks)

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