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EMSP 1501 > Module 37 Exam > Flashcards

Module 37 Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following are key to the formation of blood clots?

A

platelets

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2
Q

At what point do cells in the brain and spinal cord start to die without constant perfusion?

A

within 4-6 minutes

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3
Q

In general, at what point will the adult body stop tolerating acute blood loss?

A

The adult body cannot tolerate an acute blood loss of greater than 20% of this total blood volume, or more than 2 pints (1 L).

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4
Q

The condition in which low blood volume results in inadequate perfusion is called what?

A

Hypovolemic Shock

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5
Q

Which type of bleeding is characterized by a bright red color and spurting?

A

arterial

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6
Q

Which of the following would be the first sign of hypovolemic shock?

A

anxiety, retlessness, combative

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7
Q

You determine that your patient is experiencing internal bleeding. What should you do first?

A

administer high-flow oxygen

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8
Q

Which condition is likely when signs of hypotension, tachycardia, and cool, clammy skin are found?

A

shock

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9
Q

What should you do first to control external bleeding in an extremity?

A

apply direct pressure

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10
Q

You are assessing a patient who is bleeding from the ear, which gives you a high index of suspicion that he has a skull fracture. How should you address this?

A

loosley cover the site

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11
Q

Regardless of the type of tourniquet used, it is important to remember that:

A

the tourniquet should only be removed at the hospital because bleeding might return if the tourniquet is released

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12
Q

A 39-year-old male sustained a large laceration to his leg during an accident with a chainsaw and is experiencing signs and symptoms of shock. You should first:

A

apply direct pressure to the wound

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13
Q

Which of the following statements regarding the clotting of blood is correct?

A

A person taking blood thinners will experience slower blood clotting.

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14
Q

A fractured femur can result in the loss of ____ or more of blood into the soft tissues of the thigh.

A

1L

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15
Q

Which of the following organs can tolerate inadequate perfusion for two to three hours?

A

skeletal muscle

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16
Q

Which of the following splinting devices would be most appropriate to use for a patient who has an open fracture of the forearm with external bleeding?

A

air splint

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17
Q

A 67-year-old male presents with weakness, dizziness, and melena that began approximately two days ago. He denies a history of trauma. His blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg and his pulse is 120 beats/min and thready. You should be most suspicious that this patient is experiencing:

A

gastrointestinal bleeding

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18
Q

Which of the following occurs after tissues are injured?

A

platlets collect at the injury site

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19
Q

All of the following should be addressed during the primary assessment except:

A

capillary bleeding

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20
Q

A patient is bleeding severely from a severed femoral artery high in the groin region. Which of the following would most likely control the bleeding?

A

apply a topical hemostatic agent with direct pressure

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21
Q

Which of the following findings would be the most significant when assessing a patient with possible internal bleeding?

A

The patient takes rivaroxaban (Xarelto).

blood thinner

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22
Q

Significant vital sign changes will occur if the typical adult acutely loses more than ____ of his or her total blood volume.

A

20%

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23
Q

You arrive at the home of a 50-year-old female with severe epistaxis. As you are treating her, it is most important to recall that:

A

the patient is at risk for vomiting and aspiration

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24
Q

A 22-year-old male was kicked in the abdomen multiple times during an assault. He is conscious but restless and his pulse is rapid. His skin is cold and moist. Your assessment reveals a large area of bruising to the right upper quadrant of his abdomen. The most appropriate treatment for this patient includes:

A

preparing for immediate transport

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25
Q

Which of the following body systems or components is the least critical for supplying and maintaining adequate blood flow to the body?

A

the filtering of blood cells in the spleen

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26
Q

If direct pressure fails to immediately stop severe bleeding from an extremity, you should apply:

A

a tourniquet proximal to the injury

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27
Q

A 70-year-old man presents with a severe nosebleed. His medical history includes chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, depression, and a hemorrhagic stroke three years ago. His BP is 190/110 mm Hg, his pulse is 100 beats/min, and his respirations are 24 breaths/min. His medications include albuterol, sertraline (Zoloft), and multivitamins. Which of the following is most likely causing his nosebleed today?

A

high blood pressure

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28
Q

In older patients, the first indicator of nontraumatic internal bleeding might be:

A

weakness or dizziness

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29
Q

Hypovolemic shock occurs when:

A

low fluid volume leads to inadequate perfusion

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30
Q

Which of the following statements regarding hemophilia is correct?

A

patients with hemophilia might bleed spontaneously

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31
Q

The ability of a person’s cardiovascular system to compensate for blood loss is most related to:

A

how rapidly he or she bleeds

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32
Q

Most cases of external bleeding from an extremity can be controlled by:

A

applying local direct pressure

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33
Q

The severity of bleeding should be based on all of the following findings, except:

A

systolic blood pressure

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34
Q

All of the following body structures are lined with mucous membranes, except for the:

A

lips

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35
Q

In addition to external bleeding, the most significant risk that an open soft-tissue injury exposes a patient to is:

A

infection

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36
Q

A burn that is characterized by redness and pain is classified as a:

A

superficial burn

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37
Q

A 39-year-old male was struck in the head by a baseball during a game. He is confused and has slurred speech. He has a large hematoma in the center of his forehead and cannot remember the events preceding the injury. After manually stabilizing his head and assessing his airway, you should:

A

administer high flow oxygen

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38
Q

A construction worker fell approximately 30 feet and landed in a pile of steel rods. Your assessment reveals that he is pulseless and apneic and has a 10-foot steel rod impaled in his left leg. You should:

A

control the bleeding, begin CPR, stabilize the steel rod, immobilize his spine, and transport immediately.

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39
Q

Which of the following open soft-tissue injuries is limited to the superficial layer of the skin and results in the least amount of blood loss?

A

abrasion

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40
Q

In contrast to animal bites, the bite of a human:

A

carries with it a wide variety of virulent bacteria and viruses.

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41
Q

Functions of dressings and bandages include all of the following, except:

A

immobilization of the injury

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42
Q

Which of the following statements regarding severe burns is correct?

A

Severe burns are typically a combination of all degrees of burns

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43
Q

A 38-year-old male was electrocuted while attempting to wire a house. Your assessment reveals that he is unresponsive, pulseless, and apneic. A coworker has shut off the power to the house. You should:

A

begin CPR and apply AED

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44
Q

A 56-year-old male has an incomplete avulsion to his right forearm. After controlling any bleeding from the wound, you should:

A

replace the avulsed flap to its original position and cover it with a sterile dressing.

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45
Q

A partial-thickness burn involves the outer layer of skin and a portion of the:

A

dermal layer

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46
Q

The sebaceous glands produce sebum, a material that:

A

waterproofs the skin and keeps it supple.

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47
Q

Patients with full-thickness (third-degree) burns generally do not complain of pain because:

A

the nerve endings have been destroyed.

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48
Q

Which of the following areas of the body has the thinnest skin?

A

thinnest

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49
Q

A 33-year-old male sustained an abdominal evisceration to the left lower quadrant of his abdomen after he was cut with a large knife. After appropriately managing his ABCs and assessing him for other life-threatening injuries, how should you care for his wound?

A

Cover it with moist, sterile gauze and secure with an occlusive dressing.

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50
Q

A 30-year-old male experienced a crushing injury when his forearm was trapped between the back of a truck and a loading dock. Upon your arrival, the man’s arm has been freed. Your assessment reveals that his arm is obviously deformed and swollen and is cold and pale. Further assessment reveals an absent radial pulse. You should be most concerned that this patient has:

A

compartment syndrome

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51
Q

Which of the following statements regarding the rule of nines is correct?

A

The anterior trunk of an adult is equal to 18% of the body surface area.

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52
Q

A 17-year-old male was shot in the right anterior chest during an altercation. As your partner is applying oxygen, you perform a rapid assessment and find an open chest wound with a small amount of blood bubbling from it. You should:

A

apply an occlusive dressing to the wound and continue your assessment.

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53
Q

A teenage boy who was involved in a bicycle accident has a puncture wound where the bicycle kickstand impaled his leg. The most appropriate method for treating this injury is to:

A

unbolt the kickstand from the bike frame and stabilize it with bulky dressings.

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54
Q

You and your partner arrive at the scene of a house fire where firefighters have rescued a 50-year-old male from his burning house. The patient has superficial and partial-thickness burns to his face and chest. His nasal hairs are singed, and he is coughing up sooty sputum. You should be most concerned with:

A

the potential for airway swelling

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55
Q

A 21-year-old male was working in an auto repair shop and sustained radiator burns to the anterior aspect of both arms and to his anterior chest. According to the rule of nines, this patient has burns that cover ____ of his body surface area.

A

18%

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56
Q

According to the rule of palm method for estimating the extent of a patient’s burns, the palm of the patient’s hand is equal to ____ of his or her total body surface area.

A

1%

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57
Q

When assessing a patient with a closed soft-tissue injury, it is most important to:

A

remain alert for more severe underlying injuries.

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58
Q

Which of the following is a severe burn in a 65-year-old patient?

A

Partial-thickness burn to 20% of the body surface area

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59
Q

Regarding the pediatric rule of nines, the:

A

legs are proportionately smaller than an adult’s legs.

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60
Q

Which of the following fractures is associated with bruising around the ears and blood coming from the nose?

A

basilar skull fracture

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61
Q

What is hyphema?

A

bleeding into the anterior chamber of the eye

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62
Q

You are assessing a patient who was hit in the face by a baseball bat. There are multiple contusions on his face, and he reports double vision. His left eye does not track with his right eye. What should you suspect?

A

blow-out fracture

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63
Q

Which of the following is or are found in the middle ear?

A

Anvil, hammer, and stirrup

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64
Q

What is an air embolism?

A

a clinical situation in which a vein is punctured and air is sucked into the heart.

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65
Q

You are treating a patient with significant bruising to her face and a broken nose. She is conscious, but her LOC is significantly altered and her breathing is labored. What should you do to manage this patient’s airway?

A

Insert an oropharyngeal airway

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66
Q

The lower jawbone is called the:

A

mandible

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67
Q

Abnormal variations in pupil size and reaction would most likely be observed in a patient with:

A

brain injury

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68
Q

A 39-year-old female experienced a severe closed head injury. She is unresponsive with her eyes slightly open; her pupils are bilaterally dilated and slow to react. In addition to managing problems with airway, breathing, and circulation, you should:

A

close her eyes and cover them with a moist dressing

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69
Q

A 52-year-old unrestrained female struck the steering wheel with her face when her truck collided with another vehicle. She has obvious swelling to her face and several dislodged teeth. A visual exam of her mouth reveals minimal bleeding. She is conscious and alert with a blood pressure of 130/80 mm Hg, a pulse of 110 beats/min, and respirations of 22 breaths/min with adequate tidal volume. You should:

A

fully immobilize her spine, attempt to locate the dislodged teeth, suction as needed, and transport.

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70
Q

A 40-year-old male was in his woodworking shop when he felt a sudden, sharp pain in his left eye. Your assessment reveals a small splinter of wood embedded in his cornea. You should:

A

cover both of his eyes and transport to the hospital.

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71
Q

A 44-year-old male sustained a laceration to his left ear during a minor car accident. Your assessment reveals minimal bleeding. Appropriate care for this injury includes:

A

padding between the ear and the scalp

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72
Q

What is the function of the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

A

allows movement of the head

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73
Q

The Adam’s apple is:

A

the upper part of the larynx that is formed by the thyroid cartilage

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74
Q

The superficial temporal artery can be palpated:

A

just anterior to the tragus

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75
Q

You are transporting an immobilized patient with severe facial trauma. As you are preparing to give your radio report to the hospital, the patient begins vomiting large amounts of blood. You should:

A

turn the backboard onto its side

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76
Q

The eyeball itself is referred to as the:

A

globe

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77
Q

The mastoid process is located approximately:

A

1″ posterior to the external opening of the ear.

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78
Q

The optic nerve endings are located within the:

A

retina

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79
Q

The conjunctiva are kept moist by fluid produced by the:

A

lacrimal gland

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80
Q

A 6-year-old female was riding her bicycle and struck a clothesline with her throat. She is breathing but with obvious difficulty. Your assessment reveals a crackling sensation in the soft tissues of her neck and facial cyanosis. In addition to the appropriate airway management, the intervention that will most likely improve her chance of survival is:

A

rapidly transporting her to the hospital

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81
Q

When caring for a patient with an open facial injury, the EMT’s immediate priority should be to:

A

wear gloves and facial protection.

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82
Q

A factory worker was splashed in the eyes with a strong acid chemical. He complains of intense pain and blurred vision. Your ambulance does not carry bottles of sterile saline or water. You should:

A

irrigate both eyes continuously for 20 minutes with plain water

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83
Q

Significant trauma to the face should increase the EMT’s index of suspicion for a(n):

A

spinal column injury

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84
Q

Which of the following statements regarding anterior nosebleeds is correct?

A

They usually originate from the septum area and bleed slowly

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85
Q

You are assessing a 59-year-old male and note that his pupils are unequal. He is conscious and alert. When obtaining his medical history, it is most pertinent to ask him if he:

A

has a history of eye surgeries

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86
Q

Which of the following findings would be least suggestive of a head injury?

A

briskly constricting pupils when exposed to light

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87
Q

You are dispatched to a convenience store, where the clerk sustained a laceration to the side of his neck during a robbery attempt. During your assessment, you note bright red blood spurting from the laceration. You should:

A

apply direct pressure above and below the wound

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88
Q

A young female was involved in a motor vehicle crash. She complains of pain to her left eye, which appears to have a piece of glass impaled in it. Further assessment reveals a large laceration to her left forearm with active venous bleeding. As your partner manually stabilizes the patient’s head, you should:

A

apply direct pressure to her arm wound

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89
Q

The cricoid cartilage:

A

is the only complete circular cartilage of the trachea

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90
Q

Bleeding from soft-tissue injuries to the face is most effectively controlled with:

A

direct pressure using dry, sterile dressings

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91
Q

Following direct trauma to the upper part of the anterior neck, a young male presents with labored breathing, loss of voice, and subcutaneous emphysema in the soft tissues around his neck. You should suspect a(n):

A

laryngeal fracture

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92
Q

A 50-year-old male was splashed in the eyes with radiator fluid when he was working on his car. During your assessment, he tells you that he wears soft contact lenses. You should:

A

carefully remove the contact lenses and then irrigate his eyes with saline

93
Q

Which of the following statements regarding cervical collars is correct?

A

A cervical collar is used in addition to, not instead of, manual immobilization.

94
Q

When activated, the sympathetic nervous system produces all of the following effects, except:

A

pupillary constriction.

95
Q

After your partner assumes manual in-line stabilization of the patient’s head, you should:

A

assess distal neurovascular status in the extremities.

96
Q

Signs and symptoms that might be found in a patient who has experienced a concussion include:

A

nausea and ringing in the ears.

97
Q

What part of the nervous system controls the body’s voluntary activities?

A

somatic

98
Q

In contrast to a cerebral concussion, a cerebral contusion:

A

involves physical injury to the brain tissue.

99
Q

The most reliable sign of a head injury is:

A

a decreased level of consciousness.

100
Q

Once a cervical collar has been applied to a patient with a possible spinal injury, it should not be removed unless:

A

it causes a problem managing the airway

101
Q

When immobilizing a trauma patient’s spine, the EMT manually stabilizing the head should not let go until:

A

the patient has been completely secured to the backboard

102
Q

When controlling bleeding from a scalp laceration with a suspected underlying skull fracture, you should:

A

avoid excessive pressure when applying the bandage

103
Q

The ____ is the best-protected part of the CNS and controls the functions of the cardiac and respiratory systems

A

brain stem

104
Q

A patient who cannot remeber the events that preceded his or her head injury is experiencing:

A

retrograde amnesia

105
Q

The spinal cord is encased in and protected by the:

A

spinal canal

106
Q

A man jumped from the roof of his house and landed on his feet. He complains of pain to his heels, knees, and lower back. This MOI is an example of:

A

axial loading

107
Q

The meninges, along with the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that circulates in between each meningeal layer, function by:

A

acting as a shock absorber for the brain and spinal cord

108
Q

The most important immediate treatment for patients with a head injury, regardless of severity, is to:

A

establish an adequate airway.

109
Q

When assessing a patient with a head injury, you note the presence of thin, bloody fluid draining from his right ear. This indicates:

A

rupture of the tympanic membrane following diffuse impact to the head.

110
Q

When the parasympathetic nervous system is activated:

A

the heart rate decreases and the blood vessels dilate.

111
Q

Which of the following sets of vital signs depicts Cushing triad?

A

Blood pressure, 190/110 mm Hg; pulse, 55 beats/min; respirations, 30 breaths/min

112
Q

When caring for a patient with a possible head injury, it is most important to monitor the patient’s:

A

level of consciousness

113
Q

Which of the following breathing patterns is most indicative of increased intracranial pressure?

A

Irregular rate, pattern, and volume of breathing with intermittent periods of apnea

114
Q

Which of the following skull fractures would be the least likely to present with palpable deformity or other outward signs?

A

linear

115
Q

A 45-year-old male was working on his roof when he fell approximately 12 feet, landing on his feet. He is conscious and alert and complains of an ache in his lower back. He is breathing adequately and has stable vital signs. You should:

A

immobilize his spine and perform a focused secondary exam.

116
Q

Which of the following statements regarding secondary brain injury is correct?

A

Hypoxia and hypotension are the two most common causes of secondary brain injury.

117
Q

Rapid deceleration of the head, such as when it impacts the windshield, causes:

A

compression injuries or bruising to the anterior portion of the brain and stretching or tearing to the posterior portion of the brain.

118
Q

Which of the following nerves carries information from the body to the brain via the spinal cord?

A

sensory

119
Q

To avoid exacerbating a patient’s injury, it is especially important to use extreme caution when providing positive-pressure ventilation to patients with a:

A

pneumothorax

120
Q

Immediate death from blunt chest trauma following a motor vehicle crash is most often the result of:

A

traumatic aortic rupture

121
Q

The ____ nerves supply the diaphragm.

A

phrenic

122
Q

The phrenic nerves control the diaphragm and exit the spinal cord at:

A

C3, C4 and C5

123
Q

Following a stab wound to the left anterior chest, a 25-year-old male presents with a decreased level of consciousness and signs of shock. Which of the following additional assessment findings should increase your index of suspicion for a cardiac tamponade?

A

Engorged jugular veins

124
Q

Elevation of the rib cage during inhalation occurs when:

A

the intercostal muscles contract

125
Q

Common signs and symptoms of a chest injury include all of the following, except:

A

hematemesis

126
Q

A simple pneumothorax:

A

is commonly caused by blunt chest trauma

127
Q

Pneumothorax is defined as:

A

accumulation of air in the pleural space

128
Q

You arrive at the scene of a major motor vehicle crash. The patient, a 50-year-old female, was removed from her vehicle prior to your arrival. Bystanders who removed her state that she was not wearing a seatbelt. The patient is unresponsive, tachycardic, and diaphoretic. Your assessment reveals bilaterally clear and equal breath sounds, a midline trachea, and collapsed jugular veins. You should be most suspicious that this patient has experienced a:

A

laceration of the aorta

129
Q

Irritation or damage to the pleural surfaces that causes sharp chest pain during inhalation is called:

A

pleurisy

130
Q

A 28-year-old male was struck in the chest with a baseball bat during an altercation. He is conscious and alert and complains of severe chest pain. Your assessment reveals a large area of ecchymosis over the sternum and a rapid, irregular pulse. In addition to providing supplemental oxygen, you should:

A

prepare for immediate transport

131
Q

Hemoptysis is defined as:

A

coughing up blood

132
Q

You are transporting a stable patient with a possible pneumothorax. The patient is receiving high-flow oxygen and has an oxygen saturation of 95%. During your reassessment, you find that the patient is now confused, hypotensive, and profusely diaphoretic. What is most likely causing this patient’s deterioration?

A

Compression of the aorta and vena cava

133
Q

A man called EMS 12 hours after injuring his chest. Your assessment reveals a flail segment to the right side of the chest. The patient is experiencing respiratory distress, and his oxygen saturation is 78%. His breath sounds are equal bilaterally, and his jugular veins are normal. You should suspect:

A

pulmonary contusion

134
Q

If a person’s tidal volume decreases, but his or her respiratory rate remains unchanged:

A

minute volume will decrease

135
Q

You have sealed the open chest wound of a 40-year-old male who was stabbed in the anterior chest. Your reassessment reveals that he is experiencing increasing respiratory distress and tachycardia, and is developing cyanosis. You should:

A

partially remove the dressing

136
Q

Signs and symptoms of a tension pneumothorax include all of the following, except:

A

collapsed jugular veins

137
Q

Following blunt trauma to the chest, an 18-year-old female presents with respiratory distress, shallow breathing, and cyanosis. Her blood pressure is 80/50 mm Hg and her pulse is 130 beats/min and thready. You should:

A

provide ventilation assistance with a bag valve mask

138
Q

Subcutaneous emphysema is an indication that:

A

air is escaping into the chest wall from a damaged lung

139
Q

A 19-year-old male is unresponsive, apneic, and pulseless after being struck in the center of the chest with a softball. Based on the mechanism of injury, what most likely occurred?

A

Ventricular fibrillation when the impact occurred during a critical portion of the cardiac cycle

140
Q

Which of the following statements regarding abdominal trauma is correct?

A

The absence of abdominal pain does not rule out intra-abdominal bleeding

141
Q

All of the following are hollow abdominal organs, EXCEPT the:

A

spleen

142
Q

Difficulty breathing and a sunken appearance of the anterior abdominal wall is MOST indicative of a ruptured:

A

diaphragm.

143
Q

Placing a pregnant patient in a supine position during the third trimester of pregnancy:

A

may decrease the amount of blood that returns to the heart

144
Q

When a hollow organ is punctured during a penetrating injury to the abdomen:

A

peritonitis may not develop for several hours.

145
Q

Which of the following organs would MOST likely bleed profusely when injured?

A

Liver

146
Q

Which of the following statements regarding abdominal eviscerations is correct?

A

The protruding organs should be kept warm and moist.

147
Q

You are transporting a 42-year-old male who experienced blunt abdominal trauma. He is receiving oxygen at 12 L/min via a nonrebreathing mask and full spinal precautions have been applied. During your reassessment, you note his level of consciousness has decreased and his respirations have become shallow. You should:

A

insert an airway adjunct if he will tolerate it and begin assisting his ventilations with a BVM.

148
Q

You are transporting a patient with blunt abdominal trauma. The patient is unstable and is experiencing obvious signs and symptoms of shock. Your estimated time of arrival at the hospital is less than 10 minutes. After treating the patient appropriately, you should:

A

closely monitor him and reassess him frequently.

149
Q

Your presence is requested by law enforcement to assess a 33-year-old female who was sexually assaulted. The patient is conscious and obviously upset. As you are talking to her, you note an impressive amount of blood on her clothes in the groin area. Her blood pressure is 98/58 mm Hg, her pulse is 130 beats/min, and her respirations are 24 breaths/min. You should:

A

control any external bleeding, administer oxygen, and transport at once

150
Q
A
151
Q

During your assessment of a patient who experienced blunt trauma to the abdomen, you notice bruising around the umbillicus. The sign of:

A

intra-abdominal bleeding

152
Q

Peritionitis usually occurs when:

A

hollow abdominal organs are damaged and spill their contents into the peritoneal cavity

153
Q

The presence of tachycardia following a significant abdominal injury:

A

should be assumed to be a sign of shock

154
Q

When worn properly, a seatbelt should lie:

A

below the anterior superior iliac spines of the pelvis and against the hip joints.

155
Q

A 54-year-old male experienced an avulsion to his penis when his foreskin got caught in the zipper of his pants. He was able to unzip his pants and remove the foreskin prior to your arrival. Your assessment reveals that he is in severe pain and that the avulsion is bleeding moderately. The MOST appropriate treatment for this patient includes:

A

applying direct pressure with a dry, sterile dressing.

156
Q

An unresponsive trauma patient has a large open abdominal wound with massive external bleeding. You should:

A

apply direct pressure to the wound.

157
Q

A 40-year-old male presents with severe abdominal pain after blunt trauma. He is diaphoretic, intensely thirsty, and has a weak and rapid pulse. Appropriate treatment for this patient includes all of the following, except:

A

giving him small sips of water

158
Q

You are transporting a patient with blunt abdominal trauma. The patient is unstable and is experiencing obvious signs and symptoms of shock. Your estimated time of arrival at the hospital is less than 10 minutes. After treating the patient appropriately, you should:

A

closely monitor him and reassess him frequently.

159
Q

Your presence is requested by law enforcement to assess a 33-year-old female who was sexually assaulted. The patient is conscious and obviously upset. As you are talking to her, you note an impressive amount of blood on her clothes in the groin area. Her blood pressure is 98/58 mm Hg, her pulse is 130 beats/min, and her respirations are 24 breaths/min. You should:

A

control any external bleeding, administer oxygen, and transport at once.

160
Q

A 20-year-old male was accidentally shot in the right upper abdominal quadrant with an arrow during an archery contest. Prior to your arrival, the patient removed the arrow. Your assessment reveals that he is conscious and alert with stable vital signs. The entrance wound is bleeding minimally and appears to be superficial. You should:

A

assume the arrow punctured internal oragns

161
Q

When documenting a call involving a female patient who was sexually assaulted, the EMT should:

A

avoid speculation and document only factual data

162
Q

Placing a pregnant patient in a supine position during the third trimester of pregnancy:

A

might decrease the amount of blood that returns to the heart.

163
Q

A 66-year-old male presents with dark red rectal bleeding and abdominal pain. He is conscious and alert; however, his skin is cool and clammy and his pulse is rapid. Further assessment reveals that his blood pressure is 112/60 mm Hg. Which of the following questions would be most pertinent to ask him?

A

Have you experienced recent abdominal trauma?

164
Q

When a hollow organ is punctured during a penetrating injury to the abdomen:

A

peritonitis might not develop for several hours.

165
Q

Which of the following statements regarding rebound tenderness is correct?

A

It is often discovered when the patient is jarred or moved suddenly.

166
Q

A man has a large laceration across his lower abdominal wall and a loop of bowel is protruding from the wound. He is conscious and alert and there is minimal bleeding from the wound. You should:

A

cover the exposed bowel with a moist sterile dressing and then secure it in place with a dry bandage.

167
Q

While assessing a 21-year-old female who struck a tree head-on with her small passenger car, you note that her airbag deployed. You should:

A

lift the airbag and look for deformity to the steering wheel.

168
Q

Which of the following organs would most likely bleed profusely when injured?

A

Liver

169
Q

Because the depth of an open abdominal wound is often difficult to determine:

A

prompt transport to the hospital is essential.

170
Q

A sign of kidney damage after blunt trauma is:

A

hematuria

171
Q

Which of the following statements regarding abdominal trauma is correct?

A

The absence of abdominal pain does not rule out intra-abdominal bleeding.

172
Q

During your assessment of a patient who experienced blunt trauma to the abdomen, you notice bruising around the umbilicus. This is a sign of:

A

intra-abdominal bleeding

173
Q

Bruising to the right upper quadrant of the abdomen after blunt trauma is most suggestive of injury to the:

A

liver

174
Q

Your presence is requested by law enforcement to assess a 33-year-old female who was sexually assaulted. The patient is conscious and obviously upset. As you are talking to her, you note an impressive amount of blood on her clothes in the groin area. Her blood pressure is 98/58 mm Hg, her pulse is 130 beats/min, and her respirations are 24 breaths/min. You should:

A

control any external bleeding, administer oxygen, and transport at once.

175
Q

Applying ice to and elevating an injured extremity are performed to:

A

reduce pain and swelling

176
Q

A 22-year-old female was ejected from her car after striking a tree head-on. As you approach her, you note obvious closed deformities to both of her femurs. She is not moving and does not appear to be conscious. You should:

A

stabilize her head and perform a primary assessment.

177
Q

Which of the following structures is regulated by smooth muscle?

A

blood vessels

178
Q

When assessing a patient with a possible fracture of the leg, the EMT should:

A

compare it to uninjured leg

179
Q

The musculoskeletal system refers to the:

A

bones and voluntary muscles of the body

180
Q

The disruption of a joint in which the bone ends are no longer in contact is called a:

A

dislocation

181
Q

The primary purpose for splinting a musculoskeletal injury is to:

A

prevent further injury

182
Q

Regarding musculoskeletal injuries, the zone of injury is defined as the:

A

area of soft-tissue damage surrounding the injury.

183
Q

A person who experiences a calcaneus fracture after jumping and landing on his or her feet would most likely experience an accompanying fracture of the:

A

lumbar spine

184
Q

A person who experiences a calcaneus fracture after jumping and landing on his or her feet would most likely experience an accompanying fracture of the:

A

traction

185
Q

Bone marrow produces:

A

blood cells

186
Q

Bones are connected to other bones by bands of tough fibrous tissues called:

A

ligaments

187
Q

A ____________ is a musculoskeletal injury in which there is partial or temporary separation of the bone ends as well as partial stretching or tearing of the supporting ligaments.

A

sprain

188
Q

Following direct trauma to the left upper back, a 44-year-old male presents with diaphoresis and restlessness. His blood pressure is 100/50 mm Hg, his pulse rate is 120 beats/min and weak, and his respirations are 24 breaths/min and labored. Your assessment reveals abrasions and contusions over the left scapula. You should:

A

apply high-flow oxygen, consider spinal precautions, and transport without delay.

189
Q

A 31-year-old male fell and landed on his left elbow. Your assessment reveals that the elbow is grossly deformed, his forearm is cool and pale, and the distal pulse is barely palpable. His vital signs are stable and he denies any other injuries. Your transport time to the closest appropriate hospital is approximately 12 minutes. You should:

A

splint the elbow in the position found and transport.

190
Q

Which of the following statements regarding compartment syndrome is correct?

A

Compartment syndrome typically develops within 6 to 12 hours after an injury.

191
Q

Femoral shaft fractures can result in up to ____ mL of internal blood loss.

A

1,000

192
Q

You receive a call to a local gymnasium for a basketball player with a dislocated shoulder. Upon arrival, you find the patient, a 17-year-old male, sitting on the ground. He is holding his left arm in a fixed position away from his body. There is an obvious anterior bulge to the area of injury. You should

A

assess distal pulse, motor, and sensory functions.

193
Q

Crepitus and false motion are

A

positive indicators of a fracture.

194
Q

Which of the following musculoskeletal injuries would pose the greatest threat to a patient’s life?

A

pelvic fracture with hypotension

195
Q

The most commonly fractured bone(s) in the body is the:

A

clavicle

196
Q

Which of the following musculoskeletal injuries would most likely result in deformity?

A

displaced fracture

197
Q

A fracture caused by minimal force that is associated with diseases such as cancer and osteoporosis is called a ________ fracture.

A

pathologic

198
Q

A “hip” fracture is actually a fracture of the:

A

proximal femur

199
Q

You have applied a zippered air splint to a patient’s left arm. During transport, the patient complains of increased numbness and tingling in his left hand. You reassess distal circulation and note that it remains present. Your most appropriate action should be to:

A

assess the amount of air in the splint and let air out as necessary.

200
Q

Which of the following fractures has the greatest potential for internal blood loss and shock?

A

pelvis

201
Q

Which of the following statements regarding shoulder dislocations is correct?

A

most shoulder dislocations occur anteriorly

202
Q

During your secondary assessment of a 19-year-old female with multiple traumas, you note bilateral humeral deformities and a deformity to the left midshaft femur. Her skin is diaphoretic, and her pulse is rapid and weak. Your partner has appropriately managed her airway and is maintaining manual stabilization of her head. The most appropriate treatment for this patient includes:

A

immobilizing her to a backboard and rapidly transporting.

203
Q

To obtain the most accurate reading of a patient’s core body temperature, you should place a special hypothermia thermometer:

A

into patients rectum

204
Q

The venom of a brown recluse spider is cytotoxic, meaning that it:

A

causes severe local tissue damage

205
Q

A 30-year-old male was rescued after being lost in the woods for approximately 18 hours. The outside temperature is 30°F (-1°C). He is immediately placed in the warmed ambulance, where you perform a primary assessment. He is unresponsive, pale, and apneic. You should:

A

assess for carotid pulse for 60 seconds

206
Q

All of the following terms refer to a body part that is cold but not frozen, except:

A

frostbite

207
Q

You and your partner respond to a park where several people were reportedly struck by lightning. When you arrive, you find three patients. The first patient is lying supine on the ground; he is unresponsive and does not appear to be breathing. The second patient is ambulatory, appears confused, and is holding his arm against his chest. The third patient is sitting on the ground holding the sides of his head. After calling for backup, you should:

A

assess the unresponsive patient’s pulse, begin CPR starting with chest compressions if he is pulseless, and attach the automated external defibrillator as soon as possible.

208
Q

After being stung on the leg by a jellyfish, a man complains of severe pain to his leg, dizziness, and difficulty breathing. He has a red rash covering his trunk, and his blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg. The EMT should:

A

administer oxygen and epi and prepare for rapid transport

209
Q

You are assessing a man with suspected hypothermia. The patient is conscious, alert, and actively shivering. His respiratory rate is increased, but his breathing is unlabored, and the pulse oximeter reads 72%. The pulse oximetry reading is most likely:

A

secondary to decreased perfusion in the extremities.

210
Q

Which of the following would be the least likely to occur in a patient with a core body temperature of between 89°F (32°C) and 92°F (33°C)?

A

muscle activity increases

211
Q

Shivering is a mechanism in which the body generates heat by:

A

increasing the metabolic rate

212
Q

Which of the following statements regarding drowning is correct?

A

Patients with a submersion injury might deteriorate rapidly because of pulmonary injury and cerebral hypoxia.

213
Q

You are transporting a 28-year-old man with a frostbitten foot. The patient’s vital signs are stable, and he denies any other injuries or symptoms. The weather is treacherous, and your transport time to the hospital is approximately 45 minutes. During transport, you should:

A

protect the affected part from further injury.

214
Q

The diving reflex might allow a person to survive extended periods of submersion in cold water secondary to:

A

bradycardia and slowing the metabolic rate

215
Q

Geriatric patients, newborns, and infants are especially prone to hyperthermia because they:

A

exhibit poor thermoregulation

216
Q

When the body loses sweat, it also loses:

A

electrolytes

217
Q

Drowning is most accurately defined as:

A

death from suffocation after submersion in water

218
Q

You are dispatched to a residence for a young female who is sick. The patient complains of a rash to her lower extremities and truncal area. Your assessment reveals a small, painful blister on her inner thigh. As your partner is taking the patient’s vital signs, she states that she and her family returned from a camping trip two days ago. On the basis of this patient’s presentation, you should suspect:

A

Lyme disease

219
Q

Your assessment of a 23-year-old female reveals a core body temperature of 93.4°F (34°C). She is conscious, answers your questions appropriately, is shivering, and complains of nausea. Her skin is cold and pale, her muscles appear rigid, and her respirations are rapid. You should:

A

place heat packs to her groin, axillae, and behind her neck; cover her with warm blankets; and avoid rough handling.

220
Q

A 20-year-old male was pulled from cold water by his friends. The length of his submersion is not known and was not witnessed. You perform a primary assessment and determine that the patient is apneic and has a slow, weak pulse. You should:

A

provide rescue breathing, remove his wet clothing, immobilize his entire spine, keep him warm, and transport carefully.

221
Q

You respond to a local lake where a diver complains of difficulty breathing that occurred immediately after rapidly ascending from a depth of approximately 30 feet. On assessment, you note that he has cyanosis around his lips and pink froth coming from his nose and mouth. You should:

A

suction his mouth and nose, apply high-flow oxygen, monitor the patient’s breath sounds for a pneumothorax, and contact medical control regarding transport to a recompression facility.

222
Q

You are assessing a 33-year-old male who complains of severe abdominal pain, weakness, and nausea. He tells you that he was gathering wood to build a fire when he felt a sudden, sharp pain on the back of his hand. Your assessment reveals that the patient’s abdomen is rigid and painful to palpation. You should suspect:

A

a black widow spider bite.

223
Q

A patient with a core body temperature of 95°F (35°C) will most likely experience:

A

rapid breathing

224
Q

Signs of late heatstroke include:

A

a weak, rapid pulse.

225
Q

You are dispatched to a local high school track and field event for a 16-year-old male who fainted. The outside temperature is approximately 95°F (35°C) with high humidity. Upon your arrival, the patient is conscious, alert, and complains of nausea and a headache. His skin is cool, clammy, and pale. You should:

A

move him into the cooled ambulance.

226
Q

Which of the following most accurately describes hyperthermia?

A

The body is exposed to more heat than it can lose.

227
Q

When the speed of a motor vehicle doubles, the amount of kinetic energy:

A

quadruples

228
Q

A patient who presents with profound cyanosis following a chest injury:

A

requires prompt ventilation and oxygenation

229
Q
A

EMSP 1501 (11 decks)

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