Module 4 Hydration And Fibre

Question 1

Hydration and what are crucially linked

Answer 1

Blood pressure

Question 2

Water in the body can be in one of two compartments what are they

Answer 2

Intracellular and extracellular

Question 3

Intracellular is held where

Answer 3

Within cell membranes

Question 4

Extracellular is held where

Answer 4

Outside cell membranes

Question 5

Plasma volume is the amount of what held in your blood

Answer 5

Water

Question 6

As your plasma volume increases so does your what

2 answers

Answer 6

Blood pressure

Blood volume

Question 7

Too much extracellular water can cause what

Answer 7

Water retention

Question 8

Sodium and potassium are both what

Answer 8

Inorganic molecules and they carry a positive charge

Question 9

Because of the electric charge potassium and sodium carry they are referred to as what

Answer 9

Electrolytes

Question 10

In osmosis what two inorganic molecules can freely pass a cell membrane

Answer 10

Potassium and sodium

Question 11

What happens to a cell if the osmosis press isn’t kept equal

Answer 11

Explode or shrink because of water-rushing in or out

Question 12

Water leaves the plasma and enters the interstitial fluid via what

Answer 12

Capillary beds

Question 13

Vasopressin also know as

Answer 13

Antidiurectic hormone = adh

Question 14

What is the gland called in your brain which releases antidiurectic hormone Adh

Answer 14

Hypothalamus

Question 15

In order for Adh (vasopressin)to be released an increase in what must be detected

Answer 15

Not enough water

Question 16

Adh (vasopressin)constantly regulates and balances the amount of what in your blood

Answer 16

Water

Question 17

Angiotensinogen is an enzyme produced by ?then when renin is released to activate it, it is the converted to what?
Then it is converted to what in the lungs

Answer 17

The liver
Angiotensin 1
Angiotensin 2

Question 18

The body tightly controls its water balance and blood pressure via the what?
Which are controlled by

Answer 18

Kidneys

RAAS renin angiotensin Aldosterone System

Question 19

RAAS (renin angiotensin aldosterone system)is what and what does it do

Answer 19

Is a hormone system that regulates blood pressure and fluid balance

Question 20

How much percent of body water is held in intracellular

Answer 20

67%

Question 21

How much percent of water is held extracellular

Answer 21

20%

Question 22

Sodium potassium pumps are small what

Answer 22

Proteins

Question 23

What is functional fibre

Answer 23

Extracted from starchy foods or manufactured fibres that’s are added to foods used in supplements etc

Question 24

What does resistance starch do

Answer 24

Resist digestion

Question 25

List the different forms of resistant starch

Answer 25

Rs1 2 3 4

Question 26

Fibre can be described as what

Answer 26

An indigestible carbohydrate

Question 27

What does our body lack to break down fibre

Answer 27

Enzymes

Question 28

What does soluble fibre form when eaten

Answer 28

A thick gloopy paste that adds bulk and water to stool

Question 29

In what foods is soluble fibre found

Answer 29

Flesh of fruit and vegetables Grains Beans

Question 30

When eaten soluble fibre the extra bulk aids in doing what | 4 answers

Answer 30

Stretching the GI muscles Stimulating contractions required to pass stool Steady transit time allowing reabsorption of certain nutrients It stimulates digestive juices to break down food

Question 31

What is the difference between soluble and insoluble fibre

Answer 31

Insoluble cannot be absorbed in water

Question 32

Insoluble fibre foods

Answer 32

Husks of whole grains Skins of fruit and veg Nuts and seeds

Question 33

You get a slower gastric emptying time when eaten what fibre

Answer 33

Soluble

Question 34

The fermentation process in your colon produces what acids

Answer 34

SCFA | Butyrate acetate proportionate

Question 35

When are short chain fatty acids produced

Answer 35

When fibre is fermented in the colon

Question 36

What type of foods encourage the production of scfa

Answer 36

Fibre foods

Question 37

Which type of short chain fatty acids is good for Crohns

Answer 37

Butyrate

Question 38

Name the 10 different forms of fibre

Answer 38

``` Psyllium Cellulose Hemicellulose Ploy dextrose and polyols Resistance starch Beta glucans Fructans (inulin oligofructose fructooligosaccharides Pectin Gums Lignin ```

Question 39

Short chain fatty acids are absorbed into where

Answer 39

The intestinal walls

Question 40

What are the benefits of short chain fatty acids

Answer 40

Alters ph balance making it more acidic. This causes bile to become more soluble and deactivates certain enzymes which are responsible for altering bile acids from there primary source to more harmful secondary form. In short scfa can reduce secondary bile acid forming Secondary bile is associated with colon cancer

Question 41

What percentage of water do babies have

Answer 41

75%

Question 42

What percentage of water do adults have

Answer 42

60% | Slightly less in the elderly

Question 43

Each kidney has a range of how many nephrons

Answer 43

1 to 1 half million

Question 44

How much percentage of blood is pumped from the heart to the kidneys

Answer 44

25%

Question 45

How many mls of blood is filtered through the kidneys per minute And per day

Answer 45

130 ml | Or 187 litres per day

Question 46

Hypertension is

Answer 46

Very high blood pressure

Question 47

The most important effect of anti diuretic hormone is

Answer 47

Conserves body water by stopping the amount urined out

Question 48

Adh promotes the kidneys to do what

Answer 48

Reabsorb water into the body and blood instead of being excreted

Question 49

The angiotensin aldosterone system job is to | salt

Answer 49

Control sodium levels

Question 50

Aldosterone stimulates the ——- to increase sodium————

Answer 50

Kidneys | Reabsorption

Question 51

Fermentable fibres act as a

Answer 51

Prebiotic

Question 52

What is a prebiotic

Answer 52

Something that promotes growth and diversity of gut microflora

Question 53

What is the UK recommend intake fibre for over 17year olds

Answer 53

30g