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Biology > Module 4 Hydration And Fibre > Flashcards

Module 4 Hydration And Fibre Flashcards

1
Q

Hydration and what are crucially linked

A

Blood pressure

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2
Q

Water in the body can be in one of two compartments what are they

A

Intracellular and extracellular

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3
Q

Intracellular is held where

A

Within cell membranes

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4
Q

Extracellular is held where

A

Outside cell membranes

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5
Q

Plasma volume is the amount of what held in your blood

A

Water

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6
Q

As your plasma volume increases so does your what

2 answers

A

Blood pressure

Blood volume

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7
Q

Too much extracellular water can cause what

A

Water retention

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8
Q

Sodium and potassium are both what

A

Inorganic molecules and they carry a positive charge

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9
Q

Because of the electric charge potassium and sodium carry they are referred to as what

A

Electrolytes

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10
Q

In osmosis what two inorganic molecules can freely pass a cell membrane

A

Potassium and sodium

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11
Q

What happens to a cell if the osmosis press isn’t kept equal

A

Explode or shrink because of water-rushing in or out

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12
Q

Water leaves the plasma and enters the interstitial fluid via what

A

Capillary beds

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13
Q

Vasopressin also know as

A

Antidiurectic hormone = adh

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14
Q

What is the gland called in your brain which releases antidiurectic hormone Adh

A

Hypothalamus

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15
Q

In order for Adh (vasopressin)to be released an increase in what must be detected

A

Not enough water

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16
Q

Adh (vasopressin)constantly regulates and balances the amount of what in your blood

A

Water

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17
Q

Angiotensinogen is an enzyme produced by ?then when renin is released to activate it, it is the converted to what?
Then it is converted to what in the lungs

A

The liver
Angiotensin 1
Angiotensin 2

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18
Q

The body tightly controls its water balance and blood pressure via the what?
Which are controlled by

A

Kidneys

RAAS renin angiotensin Aldosterone System

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19
Q

RAAS (renin angiotensin aldosterone system)is what and what does it do

A

Is a hormone system that regulates blood pressure and fluid balance

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20
Q

How much percent of body water is held in intracellular

A

67%

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21
Q

How much percent of water is held extracellular

A

20%

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22
Q

Sodium potassium pumps are small what

A

Proteins

23
Q

What is functional fibre

A

Extracted from starchy foods or manufactured fibres that’s are added to foods used in supplements etc

24
Q

What does resistance starch do

A

Resist digestion

25
Q

List the different forms of resistant starch

A

Rs1 2 3 4

26
Q

Fibre can be described as what

A

An indigestible carbohydrate

27
Q

What does our body lack to break down fibre

A

Enzymes

28
Q

What does soluble fibre form when eaten

A

A thick gloopy paste that adds bulk and water to stool

29
Q

In what foods is soluble fibre found

A

Flesh of fruit and vegetables
Grains
Beans

30
Q

When eaten soluble fibre the extra bulk aids in doing what

4 answers

A

Stretching the GI muscles
Stimulating contractions required to pass stool
Steady transit time allowing reabsorption of certain nutrients
It stimulates digestive juices to break down food

31
Q

What is the difference between soluble and insoluble fibre

A

Insoluble cannot be absorbed in water

32
Q

Insoluble fibre foods

A

Husks of whole grains
Skins of fruit and veg
Nuts and seeds

33
Q

You get a slower gastric emptying time when eaten what fibre

A

Soluble

34
Q

The fermentation process in your colon produces what acids

A

SCFA

Butyrate acetate proportionate

35
Q

When are short chain fatty acids produced

A

When fibre is fermented in the colon

36
Q

What type of foods encourage the production of scfa

A

Fibre foods

37
Q

Which type of short chain fatty acids is good for Crohns

A

Butyrate

38
Q

Name the 10 different forms of fibre

A 
Psyllium 
Cellulose 
Hemicellulose
Ploy dextrose and polyols 
Resistance starch
Beta glucans
Fructans (inulin oligofructose fructooligosaccharides
Pectin
Gums
Lignin
39
Q

Short chain fatty acids are absorbed into where

A

The intestinal walls

40
Q

What are the benefits of short chain fatty acids

A

Alters ph balance making it more acidic. This causes bile to become more soluble and deactivates certain enzymes which are responsible for altering bile acids from there primary source to more harmful secondary form.

In short scfa can reduce secondary bile acid forming
Secondary bile is associated with colon cancer

41
Q

What percentage of water do babies have

A

75%

42
Q

What percentage of water do adults have

A

60%

Slightly less in the elderly

43
Q

Each kidney has a range of how many nephrons

A

1 to 1 half million

44
Q

How much percentage of blood is pumped from the heart to the kidneys

A

25%

45
Q

How many mls of blood is filtered through the kidneys per minute
And per day

A

130 ml

Or 187 litres per day

46
Q

Hypertension is

A

Very high blood pressure

47
Q

The most important effect of anti diuretic hormone is

A

Conserves body water by stopping the amount urined out

48
Q

Adh promotes the kidneys to do what

A

Reabsorb water into the body and blood instead of being excreted

49
Q

The angiotensin aldosterone system job is to

salt

A

Control sodium levels

50
Q

Aldosterone stimulates the ——- to increase sodium————

A

Kidneys

Reabsorption

51
Q

Fermentable fibres act as a

A

Prebiotic

52
Q

What is a prebiotic

A

Something that promotes growth and diversity of gut microflora

53
Q

What is the UK recommend intake fibre for over 17year olds

A

30g

Biology (12 decks)

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