Module 2 Summary Flashcards
Fats are digested as what?
Because they are made up of what?
Triglycerides
Three fatty acids
Triglycerides are fatty acids bound to a ?
Glycerol backbone
Which of the following are taken to the liver and stored as glycogen or use them up or taken to the blood
Carbs
Protein
Fat
Carbs and protein
Fats enter the blood as ?
Chylomicrons
Blood glucose and amino acid levels are controlled by what 2 things?
Insulin and glucagon
What is the recommended fat intake percentage
Less than <35% of total calories looks like an L for less than
What amount of the following in percentage makes up the 35 fat intake
Monounsaturated 13% Saturated 11% Polyunsaturated 6.5% Trans fats 2% Omega 3 0.6%
List Macronutrients
Protein
Carb
Fat
Alcohol
Micronutrients are what
Vitamin and minerals
How many calories do protein and carb have per gram
4
This is an average
How many calories does fat have per grams
9
This is a average
How many calories does alcohol have per gram
7
This is an average
How does an enzyme break up a macronutrient
It binds through the structure by breaking the bond between the two blocks and ends up a free amino acid
What is the main place for nutrient absorption and digestion
The small intestine (the duodenum)
Explain three of dietary protein functions within the body
To build and maintain skeletal muscle,synthesise enzymes
Build white cells
Explain 4 fat functions within the body
Give every cell an outer membrane
To improve the absorption of vitamins ADEK
storage to help keep you warm
Storage of usable energy
Explain 2 carbohydrates functions within the body
An energy source
Some cells can only use carbohydrates to function
What is the problem when only counting calories and not macronutrients
You can have too many of one macronutrients so your not getting what your body needs and can lead to negative consequences of your health and energy levels and adherence
Enzymes can be considered like a what
Lock into which specific keys fit
Enzymes only act upon your what?
DNA
Foods with complete protein profiles contain what?
All 9 amino acids
Which macronutrient has the highest TEF
Protein
Why does protein keep you the fullest for longest
It reduces hormones which make up hungry ie grehlin
A large intake of what carbohydrate could be harmful
Fructose
Which two things apart from carbs can be used for energy
Fats and glucose
Fats (lipids) are insoluble or soluble
Insoluble (think of oil on pavement)
Name 3 insulin’s functions
Causes GLUT4 to move across a cell
Stimulates an increase in glycogen synthesis and protein synthesis
Insulin is not able to increase GLUT4in what illness
Type 2 diabetes
Which of the following are taken Straight to the liver when eaten
Carbs
Fat
Protein
Carbs
Protein
What macronutrient bypasses the liver and what system do they use
Fat use the lymph system
Which provide us with energy
Macronutrients
Micronutrients
Macronutrients
How are trans fats made
By the process of partial hydrogenation
Saturated fats are just fatty acids with no what
Double bonds
