Module 4 - chapter 12 key terms

Question 1

Sigma bond

Answer 1

Single covalent bond, the result of the overlap of two orbitals, one from each bonding atom. Each overlapping orbital contains one electron so the 𝜎-bond has two electrons that are shared between the bonding atoms.

Question 2

Alkanes

Answer 2

Saturated hydrocarbons, containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms joined together by single covalent bonds.

Question 3

Fractional distillation

Answer 3

Separation of a liquid mixture into fractions differing in boiling point (and hence chemical composition) by means of distillation, typically using a fractionating column.

Question 4

Initiation

Answer 4

The first stage of a substitution reaction of an alkane. Homolytic fission of a halogen molecule to form radicals

Question 5

Propagation

Answer 5

The second stage of a substitution reaction of an alkane. Radicals attack the alkane, two steps involved.

Question 6

Termination

Answer 6

-two radicals combine to form a molecule, reaction ends.