Module 4 - chapter 11 key terms

Question 1

Hydrocarbon

Answer 1

An organic compound consisting of hydrogen and carbon atoms only

Question 2

Saturated hydrocarbon

Answer 2

Hydrocarbons that have only single bonds between adjacent carbon atoms

Question 3

Unsaturated hydrocarbons

Answer 3

Hydrocarbons that have double or triple covalent bonds between adjacent carbon atoms

Question 4

Aliphatic hydrocarbon

Answer 4

A compound containing carbon and hydrogen joined together in straight chains, branched chains or non-aromatic rings

Question 5

Alicyclic hydrocarbon

Answer 5

An aliphatic compound arranged in non-aromatic rings with or without side chains

Question 6

Functional group

Answer 6

The group of atoms responsible for the characteristic reactions of a particular compound

Question 7

Homologous series

Answer 7

A series of organic compounds having the same functional group, but with each successive member differing by CH2, they have the same general formula.

Question 8

Structural Isomers

Answer 8

Structural isomers are compounds with the same molecular formula but a different structural formula

Question 9

Stereoisomers

Answer 9

organic molecules with the same molecular formula and structural formula but having different arrangements of atoms in space.

Question 10

Cahn ingold prolog rules

Answer 10

1) locate the double bond
2) On each carbon, look at the two substituents. Assign a priority to each group attached to the carbon based on its relative atomic mass. The highest priority group is the one with the highest relative atomic mass.
3) do the same with the other carbon, if the two highest priority groups are on the same side it is a Z isomer, if not its E.

Question 11

How to tell if somethings a Z isomer?

Answer 11

If the two groups with the highest priority are on the same side of the double bond.

Question 12

How to tell if something is an E isomer?

Answer 12

If the two groups with the highest priority are on different sides of the double bond.

Question 13

What are cis-trans isomers?

Answer 13

are pairs of molecules which have the same formula but whose functional groups are rotated into a different orientation in three-dimensional space. For example the atoms coming off the top of the double bond being the same and the atoms coming off the bottom of the double bond being the same.

Question 14

Covalent bond

Answer 14

The electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons and the nuclei of the bonded atoms.

Question 15

Homolytic fission

Answer 15

The breaking of a covalent bond, with one of the bonded electrons going to each atom. Two radicals form.

Question 16

Heterolytic fission

Answer 16

the breaking of a covalent bond with BOTH of the bonded electrons going to ONE of the atoms forming a Cation (+) and an anion (-).

Question 17

A radical

Answer 17

a species with an unpaired electron (they’re very reactive)

Question 18

Aromatic

Answer 18

Some or all of the carbon atoms are joined together in a benzene ring.

Question 19

Alkynes

Answer 19

Containing at least one triple carbon-carbon bond

Question 20

Molecular formulae

Answer 20

The molecular formula shows the number and type of atoms of each element present in a molecule.

Question 21

Empirical formula

Answer 21

The simplest whole-number ratio of atoms of each element present in a molecule.

Question 22

General formula

Answer 22

Is the simplest algebraic formula for any member of a homologous series.

Question 23

Displayed formula

Answer 23

Shows the relative positioning of all the atoms in a molecule and all the bonds between them.

Question 24

Structural formula

Answer 24

Uses the smallest amount of detail necessary to show the arrangement of atoms in a molecule. Shows which groups are bonded together.

Question 25

Skeletal formula

Answer 25

simplified organic formula

Question 26

Addition reaction

Answer 26

Two reactants join together to form one product

Question 27

Substitution

Answer 27

An atom or group of atoms is replaced by a different atom or group of atoms.

Question 28

Elimination

Answer 28

involves the removal of a small molecule from a larger one. One reactant molecule forms two products.