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n133 final exam > module 4 > Flashcards

module 4 Flashcards

1
Q

presumptive signs

A

subjective changes felt by the woman (mood swings, missed period)

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2
Q

probable signs

A

objective signs observed by the examiner (hegar sign, pregnancy test, ballottement)

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3
Q

positive signs

A

signs attributed to the presence of a fetus (heart beat, ultrasound)

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4
Q

what is naegeles rule

A

used for the estimated date of birth, -3 months and add 7 day and 1 year from last normal menses

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5
Q

normal feelings of first trimester?

A

fear, happy, shifting realities, asking questions and concerns

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6
Q

normal feelings of second trimester?

A

usually 13 weeks announces pregnancy, accepting the fetus

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7
Q

normal feelings of third third trimester?

A

preparing for the baby, clothes, crib

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8
Q

up until week 28 how often do you need to visit the doctor?

A

monthly visits

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9
Q

28 weeks to 36 weeks visit the doctor?

A

every 2 weeks

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10
Q

36 weeks until birth visiting the doctor?

A

every week

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11
Q

what nutrition tips are good for during pregnancy?

A

prenatal vitamins, iron, calcium
drink lots of water to prevent UTIs
lower caffeine
no alcohol or smoking

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12
Q

what is false labour?

A

irregular contractions, cervix does not dilate, no increase in frequency, duration, intensity

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13
Q

what is true labour?

A

regular contractions, increase in frequency, duration, intensity
-cervix dilates

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14
Q

what is the onset of labour caused by?

A

no single cause

  • linked to hormones produced by fetus
  • uterine distension
  • intrauterine pressure due to increased estrogen oxytocin
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15
Q

3 phases of first stage of labour?

A

latent 0-3cm
active 4-6cm
transition 7-10cm
first stage is uterine contractions until full dilation

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16
Q

what is the second stage of labour?

A

cervix dilated to the birth of the fetus

latent the baby descends, active PUSH

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17
Q

third stage of labour?

A

birth of the fetus to the delivery of the placenta, 3-4 pushes required

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18
Q

fourth stage of labour?

A

1-4 hours after birth

-homeostasis recovered

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19
Q

what is the apgar?

A

assessment at 1 and 5 minutes after birth to test newborns transition into extrauterine existence on basis of 5 signs

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20
Q

5 signs of the apgar

A
  • heart rate
  • resp rate
  • muscle tone
  • reflexes
  • skin colour
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21
Q

what is the apgar score mean?

A

on 0-10 scale.. each is rated out of 2
0-3= severe distress
4-6= moderately difficult
7-10= minimal difficulty

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22
Q

when is apgar reassessed?

A

at 10 minutes if it is less than 7

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23
Q

gravida?

A

pregnant

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24
Q

multigravida?

A

2+ pregnancies

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25
nullipara?
no pregnancy beyond 20 weeks
26
primigravida?
first time pregnant
27
nulligravida?
never pregnant
28
multipara?
completed 2 or more > 20 weeks pregnancys
29
parity?
of pregnancies to reach 20 weeks
30
primipara
completed one pregnancy > 20 weeks
31
what is a term pregnancy
37-40 6 days
32
what is a preterm pregnancy
20-36 weeks
33
what is a early term
37-38 6 days
34
what is a full term
39-40 6 days
35
what is late term
41 weeks
36
what is post term
42 weeks
37
GTPAL?
``` gravida term preterm abortion living ```
38
what does lightening mean
fundus height decreases, descends into pelvis during week 38-40
39
hegar sign?
6 weeks, softening and compressibility of lower uterine segment
40
ballottement?
passive movement of unengaged fetus
41
fundus height?
12-14 weeks over pubis symphysis 20-22 weeks at umbilicus 37 weeks at xiphoid 38-40 weeks descends!
42
what are the 7 cardinal movements of labour
``` engagement descent flexion internal and external rotation extension birth by expulsion ```
43
psychosocial assessment of the labouring woman?
1. verbal interactions 2. perceptual ability 3. body language 4. discomfort level
44
what is involution?
the uterus returning to nonpregnant state, begins immediately after expulsion of placenta and with contractions of smooth muscle
45
what are afterpains?
they are pains more commonly felt by over distended births or second time mothers
46
does the cervix go back to normal?
no, looks like a jagged slit, thin for several days
47
what is diastasis recti abdominis?
the abdominal wall separates
48
how long does the abdomen protrude for?
2 weeks, returns at 6 weeks to normal
49
what are the 4 p's of labour?
passenger passage powers psyche
50
passenger?
determined by fetal head size, presentation, lie, attitude, position
51
what is the passage?
birth canal with bony pelvis, cervix, perineum, vagina
52
what are the powers?
``` primary= involuntary uterine contractions secondary= cervix fully dilated, "bear down" by woman increases abdominal pressure ```
53
what is the psyche?
the emotional state of the woman
54
lochia rubra?
3-4 days, red
55
lochia seroa?
pink/brown, 4-10 days
56
lochia alba?
whitish yellow, 10-28 days
57
three phases into parenthood?
1. taking in (relies on nurse, uncertain, needs to rest and recover) 2. taking hold (more assertive, interested, seeks guidance) 3. letting go (defines new role as a mother, makes adjustments)
58
common changes during pregnancy? LOOOOTs
``` linea nigra (line on belly) bleeding gums, increased nail growth pigmentation of nipples striae angiomas, itching cholasma (mask of pregnancy) quickening (first fetal movements) appetite changes (PICA) heart burn braxton hicks contractions goodel sign, hegar sign chadwick sign leukorrhea BV increases 40-50% gravity shifts forward pelvic joints relax and more motility BR increases ```
59
goodell sign vs hegar
``` goodel= cervix softens hegar= uterine segment softens ```
60
what is chadwicks sign
increased vascularity (violet/blue) of vaginal mucus and cervix
61
leukorrhea?
white vaginal discharge with musty odour
62
what are montgomery tuburcles?
secrete lubrication and anti-infective material in the areola
63
is proteinuria normal?
only during labour and birth

n133 final exam (12 decks)

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