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n133 final exam > module 4 > Flashcards

module 4 Flashcards

1
Q

presumptive signs

A

subjective changes felt by the woman (mood swings, missed period)

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2
Q

probable signs

A

objective signs observed by the examiner (hegar sign, pregnancy test, ballottement)

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3
Q

positive signs

A

signs attributed to the presence of a fetus (heart beat, ultrasound)

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4
Q

what is naegeles rule

A

used for the estimated date of birth, -3 months and add 7 day and 1 year from last normal menses

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5
Q

normal feelings of first trimester?

A

fear, happy, shifting realities, asking questions and concerns

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6
Q

normal feelings of second trimester?

A

usually 13 weeks announces pregnancy, accepting the fetus

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7
Q

normal feelings of third third trimester?

A

preparing for the baby, clothes, crib

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8
Q

up until week 28 how often do you need to visit the doctor?

A

monthly visits

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9
Q

28 weeks to 36 weeks visit the doctor?

A

every 2 weeks

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10
Q

36 weeks until birth visiting the doctor?

A

every week

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11
Q

what nutrition tips are good for during pregnancy?

A

prenatal vitamins, iron, calcium
drink lots of water to prevent UTIs
lower caffeine
no alcohol or smoking

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12
Q

what is false labour?

A

irregular contractions, cervix does not dilate, no increase in frequency, duration, intensity

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13
Q

what is true labour?

A

regular contractions, increase in frequency, duration, intensity
-cervix dilates

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14
Q

what is the onset of labour caused by?

A

no single cause

  • linked to hormones produced by fetus
  • uterine distension
  • intrauterine pressure due to increased estrogen oxytocin
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15
Q

3 phases of first stage of labour?

A

latent 0-3cm
active 4-6cm
transition 7-10cm
first stage is uterine contractions until full dilation

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16
Q

what is the second stage of labour?

A

cervix dilated to the birth of the fetus

latent the baby descends, active PUSH

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17
Q

third stage of labour?

A

birth of the fetus to the delivery of the placenta, 3-4 pushes required

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18
Q

fourth stage of labour?

A

1-4 hours after birth

-homeostasis recovered

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19
Q

what is the apgar?

A

assessment at 1 and 5 minutes after birth to test newborns transition into extrauterine existence on basis of 5 signs

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20
Q

5 signs of the apgar

A
  • heart rate
  • resp rate
  • muscle tone
  • reflexes
  • skin colour
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21
Q

what is the apgar score mean?

A

on 0-10 scale.. each is rated out of 2
0-3= severe distress
4-6= moderately difficult
7-10= minimal difficulty

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22
Q

when is apgar reassessed?

A

at 10 minutes if it is less than 7

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23
Q

gravida?

A

pregnant

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24
Q

multigravida?

A

2+ pregnancies

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25
Q

nullipara?

A

no pregnancy beyond 20 weeks

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26
Q

primigravida?

A

first time pregnant

27
Q

nulligravida?

A

never pregnant

28
Q

multipara?

A

completed 2 or more > 20 weeks pregnancys

29
Q

parity?

A

of pregnancies to reach 20 weeks

30
Q

primipara

A

completed one pregnancy > 20 weeks

31
Q

what is a term pregnancy

A

37-40 6 days

32
Q

what is a preterm pregnancy

A

20-36 weeks

33
Q

what is a early term

A

37-38 6 days

34
Q

what is a full term

A

39-40 6 days

35
Q

what is late term

A

41 weeks

36
Q

what is post term

A

42 weeks

37
Q

GTPAL?

A 
gravida
term
preterm
abortion
living
38
Q

what does lightening mean

A

fundus height decreases, descends into pelvis during week 38-40

39
Q

hegar sign?

A

6 weeks, softening and compressibility of lower uterine segment

40
Q

ballottement?

A

passive movement of unengaged fetus

41
Q

fundus height?

A

12-14 weeks over pubis symphysis
20-22 weeks at umbilicus
37 weeks at xiphoid
38-40 weeks descends!

42
Q

what are the 7 cardinal movements of labour

A 
engagement
descent
flexion
internal and external rotation
extension
birth by expulsion
43
Q

psychosocial assessment of the labouring woman?

A
  1. verbal interactions
  2. perceptual ability
  3. body language
  4. discomfort level
44
Q

what is involution?

A

the uterus returning to nonpregnant state, begins immediately after expulsion of placenta and with contractions of smooth muscle

45
Q

what are afterpains?

A

they are pains more commonly felt by over distended births or second time mothers

46
Q

does the cervix go back to normal?

A

no, looks like a jagged slit, thin for several days

47
Q

what is diastasis recti abdominis?

A

the abdominal wall separates

48
Q

how long does the abdomen protrude for?

A

2 weeks, returns at 6 weeks to normal

49
Q

what are the 4 p’s of labour?

A

passenger
passage
powers
psyche

50
Q

passenger?

A

determined by fetal head size, presentation, lie, attitude, position

51
Q

what is the passage?

A

birth canal with bony pelvis, cervix, perineum, vagina

52
Q

what are the powers?

A 
primary= involuntary uterine contractions
secondary= cervix fully dilated, "bear down" by woman increases abdominal pressure
53
Q

what is the psyche?

A

the emotional state of the woman

54
Q

lochia rubra?

A

3-4 days, red

55
Q

lochia seroa?

A

pink/brown, 4-10 days

56
Q

lochia alba?

A

whitish yellow, 10-28 days

57
Q

three phases into parenthood?

A
  1. taking in (relies on nurse, uncertain, needs to rest and recover)
  2. taking hold (more assertive, interested, seeks guidance)
  3. letting go (defines new role as a mother, makes adjustments)
58
Q

common changes during pregnancy? LOOOOTs

A 
linea nigra (line on belly)
bleeding gums, increased nail growth
pigmentation of nipples
striae 
angiomas, itching
cholasma (mask of pregnancy)
quickening (first fetal movements)
appetite changes (PICA)
heart burn
braxton hicks contractions
goodel sign, hegar sign 
chadwick sign 
leukorrhea 
BV increases 40-50%
gravity shifts forward
pelvic joints relax and more motility 
BR increases
59
Q

goodell sign vs hegar

A 
goodel= cervix softens
hegar= uterine segment softens
60
Q

what is chadwicks sign

A

increased vascularity (violet/blue) of vaginal mucus and cervix

61
Q

leukorrhea?

A

white vaginal discharge with musty odour

62
Q

what are montgomery tuburcles?

A

secrete lubrication and anti-infective material in the areola

63
Q

is proteinuria normal?

A

only during labour and birth

n133 final exam (12 decks)

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