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Anatomy & Physiology 1 > Module 4 > Flashcards

Module 4 Flashcards

1
Q

4 properties of muscles

A
  • excitability
  • contractility
  • extensibility
  • elasticity
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2
Q

Fn of muscle tissue

A
  • motion
  • movement of substances
  • posture, support of organs
  • heat production
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3
Q

hierarchy of muscle (small>big)

A

Myofibril>myofilaments>muscle fiber>fascicle>Muscle

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4
Q

Muscle connective tissue (layers out to in)

A
  • Epimysium
  • Perimysium
  • Endomysium
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5
Q

Skeletal muscle

A

striated, multinucleate, attached to skeleton

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6
Q

Cardiac muscle is

A

branched, single nucleus, striated, dintercalated discs, involuntary

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7
Q

Smooth

A

spindle shape, lines the hollow part around organs, ie the stomach

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8
Q

Blood supply needed in muscles because

A

blood carries oxygen, glucose, and CO2, -> cellular respiration to produce ATP, which is needed to power the action potential, the interaction between the actin and myosin

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9
Q

Aponeuroses is

A

a flattened tendon

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10
Q

Muscle fiber structure (out>in)

A
  • sarcolemma
  • mitochondrion,
  • Terminal cisternae
  • sarcoplasmic reticulum
  • transverse tubules (t-tubules)
  • Myofibril
  • Triad
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11
Q

T-tubules are

A

extensions of the sarcolemma

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12
Q

Triad includes

A

2 terminal cisternae and 1 t-tubule

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13
Q

Thick myofibril is made up of

A

myosin (darker)

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14
Q

thin myofibril is made up of

A

actin (lighter)

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15
Q

Sarcromere

A

functional unit that can contract(from z-line to z-line)

  • I-band
  • A-band
  • Z-line
  • H-zone
  • M-line
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16
Q

Neuromuscular junction parts

A
  • Synaptic terminal of motor neuron
  • Synaptic vesicle
  • Neurotransmitters
  • synaptic cleft
  • Motor end plate of muscle fiber (folded sarcolemma)
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17
Q

The motor unit

A

is the neuron plus all the muscle fibers that it controls,

bigger muscle= bigger motor unit

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18
Q

muscle size changes

A
  • muscle hyperthrophy: building up due to use

- Muscle atrophy: loss of mass due to lack of use

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19
Q

Skeletal muscle fiber types

A
  • Slow twitch: slow to contract, don’t tire as fast, high myoglobin content (darker)
  • Fast twitch: fast to contract, tire rapidly, low myoglobin content (lighter)
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20
Q

Muscle fiber orientation types

A
  • Parallel
  • Convergent: fibers converge from single point
  • Pennate: pen-like
  • Circular
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21
Q

Origin

A

does not move during contraction

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22
Q

Insertion

A

moves during contraction

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23
Q

Synergists

A

helper muscles to the agonists

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24
Q

Facial and muscles

A
  • frontalis
  • platysma
  • orbicularis oculi
  • orbicuclaris oris
  • depressor labii inferioris
  • zygomaticus major
  • risorius
  • buccinator
  • masseter
  • temporalis
  • medial pterygoid
  • lateral pterygoid
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25
Q

Eye muscles

A
  • super rectus
  • inferior rectus
  • lateral rectus
  • medial rectus
  • superior oblique
  • inferior oblique
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26
Q

Neck mucles

A
  • sternocleidomastoid

- sternohyoid

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27
Q

abdomial muscles

A
  • rectus abdominis
  • transversus abdominis
  • external oblique
  • internal oblique
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28
Q

Muscles of breathing

A
  • external intercostals
  • internal intercostals
  • diaphragm
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29
Q

Vertebral column muscles

A
  • erector spinae
  • multifidus
  • semispinalis capitis
  • splenius capitis
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30
Q

Pectoral Girdle muscles

A
  • trapezius
  • serratus anterior
  • levator scapulae
  • pectoralis minor
  • rhomboideus major
  • rhomboideus minor
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31
Q

Shoulder joint muscles

A
  • pectoralis major
  • latissimus dorsi
  • deltoid
  • teres major
  • teres minor
  • biceps brachii
  • triceps brachii
  • coracobrahialis
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32
Q

Rotator cuff muscles

A
  • supraspinatus
  • infraspinatus
  • subscapularis
  • teres minor
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33
Q

Elbow joint muscles

A
  • biceps brachii
  • triceps brachii
  • brachioradialis
  • supinator
  • pronator teres
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34
Q

Wrist and finger muscles

A
  • flexor carpi radialis
  • flexor carpi ulnaris
  • flexor digitorum superficialis
  • flexor digitorum profundus
  • palmaris longus
  • extensor carpi radialis longus
  • extensor carpi radialis brevis
  • extensor carpi ulnaris
  • extensor digitorum
  • extensor digiti minimi
  • abductor pollicis brevis
  • anconeus
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35
Q

Hip joint muscles

A
  • gluteus maximus
  • gluteus medius
  • gluteus minimus
  • piriformis
  • superior gemellus
  • obturator internus
  • inferior gemellus
  • quadratus femoris
  • tensor fasciae latae
  • iliacus
  • psoas major
  • iliopsoas
  • pectineus
  • adductor longus
  • adductor brevis
  • adductor magnus
  • iliotibial tract
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36
Q

joining hip and knee joint muscles

A
  • sartorius

- gracilis

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37
Q

quadriceps muscles

A
  • rectus femoris
  • vastus lateralis
  • vastus intermedius
  • vastus medialis
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38
Q

Hamstring muscles

A
  • biceps femoris
  • semitendinosus
  • semimembranosus
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39
Q

Knee/ankle/toe muscles

A
  • gastrocnemius
  • soleus
  • fibularis longus
  • fibularis brevis
  • tibialis anterior
  • tibialis posterior
  • flexor digitorum longus
  • popliteus
  • flexor hallucis longus
  • extensor hallucis longus
  • extensor digitorum longus
  • plantaris
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40
Q

Frontalis action

A

raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead

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41
Q

Orbicularis oculi action

A

opens/closes eyelid

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42
Q

Orbicularis oris action

A

pursing of lips

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43
Q

depressor anguli oris action

A

depresses mouth laterally, frowning

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44
Q

depressor labii inferioris action

A

lowering of lips

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45
Q

zygomaticus major action

A

elevates corners of the mouth

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46
Q

masseter action

A

pulls up the jaw, chewing

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47
Q

Buccinator action

A

chewing, facial expression

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48
Q

Lateral pterygoid runs

A

Horizontally

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49
Q

Medial pterygoid run

A

vertically

50
Q

Superior rectus action

A

upward movement of the eye

51
Q

Inferior rectus action

A

downward movement of the eye

52
Q

lateral rectus action

A

outward movement of eye

53
Q

medial rectus action

A

inward movement of eye

54
Q

Erector spinae action

A

extension of trunck

55
Q

Semispinalis capitis action

A

extension of neck

56
Q

Splenius capitis action

A

extension of head, more lateral overall

57
Q

Levator scapulae action

A

elevates the scapula

58
Q

rhomboideus minor action

A

retracts scapula toward midline

59
Q

rhomboideus major action

A

also retracts scapula toward midline

60
Q

Pectoralis major action

A

adducts and medially rotates humerus, flexion of arm

61
Q

Latissimus dorsi action

A

extension of the arm

62
Q

Deltoid action

A

abduction of arm

63
Q

Biceps Brachii action

A

flexion of forearm

64
Q

Triceps brachii action

A

extension of forearm

65
Q

Supraspinatus action

A

arm rotation

66
Q

infraspinatus action

A

arm rotation

67
Q

subscapularis action

A

arm rotaion, main one under scapula

68
Q

teres minor action

A

lateral rotation of arm

69
Q

Brachialis action

A

flexion of forearm

70
Q

brachioradialis action

A

extends arm far down

71
Q

Supinator action

A

rotation of forarm, like palm up rotation

72
Q

pronator teres action

A

pronates (rotates) and flexes the forearm at the elbow

73
Q

Flexor carpi radialis action

A

flexes and abducts hand at wrist

74
Q

flexor carpi ulnaris action

A

flexes and abducts hand at wrist

75
Q

flexor digitorum superficialis action

A

flexes middle phalangies, flexes proximal phalangies

76
Q

flexor digitorum profundus action

A

flexes distal phalangies, assists in flexion of hand

77
Q

palmaris longus action

A

flexes hand at wrist

78
Q

extensor carpi ulnaris action

A

extend and adducts hand at wrist

79
Q

extensor digitorum action

A

extends hand at wrist joint and extends fingers at metacarpal joints

80
Q

Extensor digiti minimi action

A

extends 5th digit at metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints

81
Q

abductior pollicis brevis action

A

abducts thumb

82
Q

gluteus maximus action

A

extension of the leg, allows lateral rotation

83
Q

Tensor fasciae latate action

A

abduction of the leg away from the midline

84
Q

iliacus action

A

flexes the torso and thigh with respect to each other

85
Q

Psoas majoraction

A

flexes the torso and thigh with respect to each other

86
Q

adductor longus action

A

laterally rotate hip joint

87
Q

adductor brevis action

A

laterally rotate hip

88
Q

adductor magnus action

A

adducts thigh, flexing and extending the tigh

89
Q

List the deep hip muscles

Getting Paid Solely On IQ

A

Gluteals, Piriformis, Superior gemellus, Obturator internus, Inferior gemellus, Quadratus femoris

90
Q

Gracilis action

A

adduction of leg

91
Q

Rectus femoris action

A

extension of lower leg

92
Q

Vastus lateralis action

A

extension of the knee

93
Q

vastus intermedius action

A

extension of knee

94
Q

vastus medialis action

A

extension of knee

95
Q

Semitendinosus action

A

extends thigh, flexes the knee

96
Q

Semimembranosus action

A

rotates tibia medially, extends right and flexes knee

97
Q

Gastrocnemius action

A

plantar flexion of ankle

98
Q

soleus action

A

plantar flexion

99
Q

tibialis anterior action

A

dorsiflexion of ankle, invertor of foot

100
Q

flexor digitorum longus action

A

flexion of toes 2-5

101
Q

flexor hallucis longus action

A

flexes great toe

102
Q

extensor hallucis longus action

A

extends great toe

103
Q

extensor digitorum longus action

A

extends toes 2-5

104
Q

plantaris action

A

plantar flexion of ankle

105
Q

Trapezius Origin and Insertion

A

O: clavicle, stermun
I: humerus

106
Q

Lassitimus dorsi Origin and Insertion

A

O: vertebrae, ribs, ilium
I: humerus

107
Q

Deltoid Origin and Insertion

A

O: clavicle, scapula
I: humerus

108
Q

Biceps brachii Origin and Insertion

A

O: scapula
I: radius

109
Q

Triceps brachii Origin and Insertion

A

O: scapula, humerus
I: ulna

110
Q

Gluteus maximus Origin and Insertion

A

O: ilium, sacrum, coccyx
I: femur

111
Q

Sartorius Origin and Insertion

A

O: ilium
I: tibia

112
Q

Rectus femoris Origin and Insertion

A

O: os coxae
I: patella

113
Q

Biceps femoris Origin and Insertion

A

O: ischium, femur
I: fibula, tibia

114
Q

Gastrocnemius Origin and Insertion

A

O: femur
I: calcaneus

115
Q

Plantaris Origin and Insertion

A

O: femur
I: calcaneus

116
Q

Triceps brachii

-Antagonist -Synergist

A

A: biceps brachii
S: N/A

117
Q

Biceps brachii

-Antagonist -Synergist

A

A: triceps brachii
S: Brachialis

118
Q

Brachialis

-Antagonist -Synergist

A

A: biceps brachii, triceps brachii
S:

119
Q

Rectus femoris

-Antagonist -Synergist

A

A:
S:

120
Q

Semitendinosus

-Antagonist -Synergist

A

A:
S:

121
Q

Tibialis anterior

-Antagonist -Synergist

A

A:
S:

122
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

A:
S:

Anatomy & Physiology 1 (13 decks)

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