MODULE 4 Flashcards
Reviewer
Q: Who was Juan de Placencia?
A: A Spanish priest of the Franciscan Order who spent most of his missionary life in the Philippines, founding numerous towns and writing religious and linguistic books.
Q: When did Juan de Placencia arrive in the Philippines?
A: In 1578.
Q: What was one of Juan de Placencia’s key contributions to the Philippines?
A: He is believed to have authored the first book printed in the Philippines, the Doctrina Cristiana, which was printed in Spanish, Tagalog, and even in Chinese.
Q: What was the societal structure of the Tagalog people before Spanish colonization?
A: The Tagalog people were organized into small communities called barangays, each governed by a chief known as a dato.
Q: What were the three main social classes in Tagalog society?
A: Nobles (maharlica), commoners (aliping namamahay), and slaves (aliping sa guiguilir).
Q: How were the maharlica different from other classes?
A: The maharlica were free-born individuals who did not pay taxes or tribute to the dato, and they accompanied him in war at their own expense.
Q: What were the rights and duties of the aliping namamahay (commoners)?
A: The aliping namamahay were married, lived in their own houses, and served their masters by giving half of their cultivated lands. They could not be sold or made slaves.
Q: What were the duties of aliping sa guiguilir (slaves)?
A: They served their masters in their houses and on their cultivated lands and could be sold. They were provided a portion of their harvest to encourage faithful work.
Q: What legal confusion occurred between aliping namamahay and aliping sa guiguilir?
A: Spanish officials often confused the two, wrongfully treating aliping namamahay as aliping sa guiguilir, leading to illegal seizure and servitude of their children.
Q: How were inheritance and social class structured in Tagalog society?
A: The inheritance system was based on the social class of the parents. Children of maharlica were free, while children of mixed marriages between a free person and a slave could inherit either free or slave status depending on their birth order.
Q: What was the status of children born from an adulterous relationship?
A: If the husband punished the adulterer, the child was considered legitimate and received equal inheritance, but if the adulterer went unpunished, the child received no inheritance.
Q: How did dowries work in Tagalog society?
A: Dowries were given by men to women’s parents and were enjoyed by the parents during their lifetime. Upon the parents’ death, the dowry was divided among the children unless the father gave extra to the daughter.
Q: How were dowries treated in the case of divorce?
A: In the case of divorce, the dowry was returned to the wife if she remarried, or to the husband if the wife left. If children were involved, they inherited the dowry.
Q: What was the practice regarding dowries upon the death of a spouse?
A: In some villages, half of the wife’s dowry was returned to the husband if she died without children, and in other villages, half of the husband’s dowry was returned to his relatives if he died.
Q: What were the arrangements for marriage dowries for children?
A: Dowries were arranged for sons even when they were children, and fines were imposed if they refused arranged marriages after their parents’ death.
