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MODULE 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Q: Who is Antonio Pigafetta?

A

A: He was an Italian scholar and explorer who joined Ferdinand Magellan’s expedition and documented the first circumnavigation of the globe.

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2
Q

Q: When and where was Antonio Pigafetta born?

A

A: He was born between 1480 and 1491 in Vicenza, northeast Italy.

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3
Q

Q: What did Antonio Pigafetta do during Magellan’s expedition?

A

A: Pigafetta diligently recorded his experiences and observations, resulting in a detailed and comprehensive journal of the voyage.

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4
Q

Q: How many members of Magellan’s original crew returned to Spain?
A: 18 members, including Antonio Pigafetta, returned aboard the Victoria.

A

A: 18 members, including Antonio Pigafetta, returned aboard the Victoria.

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5
Q

Q: What role did spices play during the Age of Exploration?

A

A: Spices were highly valued for food preservation, flavor enhancement, and medicinal purposes, leading to intense competition between Portugal and Spain for control of spice-rich territories.

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6
Q

Q: What was the significance of the fall of Constantinople in 1453?

A

A: It disrupted the land trade routes to Asia, prompting European kingdoms to seek direct maritime routes to the Spice Islands and other parts of Southeast Asia.

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7
Q

: How did Portugal contribute to the exploration of new trade routes?

A

A: Portugal, under Prince Henry the Navigator, established a maritime school that trained sailors to discover a sea route via the Atlantic and Indian Oceans.

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8
Q

Q: What was the Treaty of Tordesillas?

A

A: The treaty established boundaries between Spain and Portugal to resolve conflicts over newly discovered lands, as agreed upon by Christopher Columbus.

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9
Q

Q: Why did Ferdinand Magellan shift allegiance from Portugal to Spain?

A

A: After being rejected by Portugal for his proposal for a new spice route, Magellan sought support from Spain, which backed his plan to sail westward to reach the East.

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10
Q

Q: When did Magellan’s expedition depart, and how many ships were involved?

A

A: Magellan’s expedition departed in August 1519 from Sanlúcar de Barrameda, Seville, with a fleet of five ships.

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11
Q

Q: What happened when Magellan’s expedition reached the Philippines?

A

A: Relations with the local inhabitants were initially cordial, but conflicts arose with Lapu-Lapu, the chieftain of Mactan, who fought against the Spaniards, resulting in Magellan’s death.

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12
Q

Q: What happened to the remaining ships after Magellan’s death?

A

A: The crew was reduced to two ships, the Victoria and the Trinidad, with the Trinidad captured by the Portuguese on the return voyage.

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13
Q

Q: Who commanded the Victoria after Magellan’s death?

A

A: Juan Sebastian Elcano commanded the Victoria.

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14
Q

Q: What happened upon the return of the Victoria?

A

A: The Victoria reached the Spice Islands, acquired spices, and then returned to Spain in September 1522, with Elcano and other survivors, including Antonio Pigafetta.

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15
Q

Q: What did Antonio Pigafetta document in his journal?

A

A: Pigafetta documented the first circumnavigation of the globe and provided invaluable insights into the historic voyage and early encounters between Spaniards and Filipinos.

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16
Q

Q: When did Charles V issue a capitulation for the Magellan expedition?

A

A: On March 28, 1518.

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17
Q

Q: How many men were initially planned for Magellan’s expedition, and how many did Pigafetta claim?

A

A: Initially, 250 men were planned, but Pigafetta claimed there were 237 men.

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18
Q

Q: What was the original goal of Magellan’s expedition?

A

A: The goal was to find a westward route to the Spice Islands (Moluccas) and eventually circumnavigate the globe.

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19
Q

Q: What was the fleet of ships involved in the Magellan expedition?

A

A: The fleet consisted of five ships: Trinidad (flagship), San Antonio, Concepcion, Santiago, and Victoria.

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20
Q

Q: When did the expedition depart from Seville?

A

A: The fleet departed Seville on August 10, 1519.

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21
Q

Q: When did Magellan’s expedition sight the islands of Guam and Rota?

A

A: On March 6, 1521.

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22
Q

Q: What was the first contact the expedition had with Filipinos?

A

A: On March 18, 1521, on Homonhon Island.

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23
Q

Q: Where did Magellan and his crew celebrate Easter mass?

A

A: On Limasawa Island, on March 31, 1521.

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24
Q

Q: What happened on April 14, 1521?

A

A: Sultan Humabon and Rajah Colambu were baptized as Don Carlos and Don Juan, respectively.

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25
Q: What conflict occurred on April 27, 1521?
A: Magellan and his men attacked Rajah Lapu Lapu on Mactan Island, leading to Magellan’s death.
26
Q: What happened on May 1, 1521?
A: A massacre of Europeans occurred in Cebu, which led to the abandonment of the Concepción.
27
Q: When did the Victoria and Trinidad depart Palawan, and where did they go next?
A: They departed Palawan on June 21, 1521, and arrived in Brunei on July 9, 1521.
28
Q: What event occurred on July 29, 1521?
A: The expedition attacked a group of junks off Brunei, capturing four
29
Q: When did the expedition reach the Moluccas?
A: On November 6, 1521.
30
Q: What happened to the Trinidad on December 18, 1521?
A: The Trinidad sprang a leak while preparing to depart.
31
Q: When did the Victoria set sail for the return journey?
A: The Victoria set sail on December 21, 1521.
32
Q: What happened to the Trinidad after it left the Moluccas?
A: The Trinidad was captured by the Portuguese after it set sail on April 6, 1522.
33
Q: When did the Victoria cross the Cape of Good Hope?
A: According to Pigafetta, the Victoria doubled the Cape of Good Hope on May 6, 1522.
34
Q: When did the Victoria enter Sanlúcar de Barrameda?
A: On September 6, 1522.
35
Q: How many men survived from the original crew upon returning to Spain?
A: Only 18 Christians and 3 Indonesians survived from the original crew.
36
Q: How many men were initially planned for Magellan’s expedition, and how many did Pigafetta claim? .
A: Initially, 250 men were planned, but Pigafetta claimed there were 237 men
37
Q: What was the original goal of Magellan's expedition?
A: The goal was to find a westward route to the Spice Islands (Moluccas) and eventually circumnavigate the globe.
38
Q: What was the fleet of ships involved in the Magellan expedition?
A: The fleet consisted of five ships: Trinidad (flagship), San Antonio, Concepcion, Santiago, and Victoria.
39
Q: When did the expedition depart from Seville?
A: The fleet departed Seville on August 10, 1519.
40
: When did Magellan’s expedition sight the islands of Guam and Rota?
A: On March 6, 1521.
41
Q: What was the first contact the expedition had with Filipinos?
A: On March 18, 1521, on Homonhon Island.
42
Q: Where did Magellan and his crew celebrate Easter mass?
A: On Limasawa Island, on March 31, 1521.
43
Q: What happened on April 14, 1521?
A: Sultan Humabon and Rajah Colambu were baptized as Don Carlos and Don Juan, respectively.
44
Q: What conflict occurred on April 27, 1521?
A: Magellan and his men attacked Rajah Lapu Lapu on Mactan Island, leading to Magellan’s death.
45
Q: What happened on May 1, 1521? A
: A massacre of Europeans occurred in Cebu, which led to the abandonment of the Concepción.
46
Q: When did the Victoria and Trinidad depart Palawan, and where did they go next?
A: They departed Palawan on June 21, 1521, and arrived in Brunei on July 9, 1521.
47
Q: What event occurred on July 29, 1521?
A: The expedition attacked a group of junks off Brunei, capturing four.
48
Q: When did the expedition reach the Moluccas?
A: On November 6, 1521.
49
Q: What happened to the Trinidad on December 18, 1521?
A: The Trinidad sprang a leak while preparing to depart.
50
Q: When did the Victoria set sail for the return journey?
A: The Victoria set sail on December 21, 1521.
51
Q: What happened to the Trinidad after it left the Moluccas?
A: The Trinidad was captured by the Portuguese after it set sail on April 6, 1522.
52
Q: What were some of the challenges faced by Ferdinand Magellan and his crew during the First Voyage Around the World, as documented by Antonio Pigafetta?
A: They faced storms, rough seas, shortages of essential supplies, instances of mutiny, hostile encounters with indigenous peoples, inaccuracies in maps, diseases, and the prolonged duration of the voyage.
53
Q: What issues arose due to rough seas and storms during the journey?
A: The ships were damaged, which made navigation difficult and slowed progress.
54
Q: What caused hunger, illness, and desperation among the crew?
A: Shortages of essential supplies such as food, water, and medicine during long stretches at sea.
55
Q: What challenges did the crew face regarding mutiny and desertion?
A: Some crew members grew disillusioned with the hardships or disagreed with Magellan's leadership decisions, leading to mutiny and desertion.
56
Q: What type of encounters added to the dangers of the voyage?
A: Hostile encounters with indigenous peoples in various regions, resulting in skirmishes and conflicts.
57
Q: What was a significant challenge for navigation during the voyage?
A: Navigating unknown waters without modern instruments, leading to inaccuracies in maps and charts.
58
Q: What diseases and conditions plagued the crew during the journey?
A: Outbreaks of scurvy, dysentery, and other ailments due to poor hygiene, inadequate nutrition, and harsh living conditions.
59
Q: What toll did the prolonged duration of the voyage take on the crew?
A: It resulted in exhaustion, despair, and longing for home, impacting the physical and mental well-being of the crew.
60
Q: Despite all the challenges, what did Magellan and his crew ultimately achieve?
A: They successfully circumnavigated the globe.
61
Q: What valuable insights does Antonio Pigafetta's account provide?
A: Pigafetta’s account offers insights into the governance, culture, and independence of the pre-colonial Philippines, as well as the religious transformation brought by Magellan’s introduction of Christianity.
62
Q: How did Ferdinand Magellan's introduction of Christianity impact the Philippines?
A: Christianity became an integral part of Filipino culture and beliefs, transforming the religious landscape of the islands.
63
Q: What does Pigafetta’s narrative serve as an important source for?
A: It is an important source for understanding the conditions of the Visayan Islands in the 16th century and the cultural and religious transformations that occurred during that period.
64
Q: How is Pigafetta's document relevant to world history?
A: It provides a detailed chronicle of the Magellan expedition, contributing significantly to European historiography and advancing knowledge of the world.
65
Q: How did Pigafetta’s writings contribute to cartography?
A: Pigafetta’s writings included thorough descriptions, precise locations, and distances of the places visited, which advanced cartographic knowledge of the time.
66
Q: What significant achievement did Magellan’s expedition demonstrate, according to Pigafetta?
A: The successful circumnavigation of the globe, showing the feasibility of such endeavors and challenging beliefs about the Earth’s shape.
67
Q: What impact did Pigafetta’s account have on world history and exploration?
A: Pigafetta’s account preserved and popularized the achievements of the Magellan-Elcano expedition, leaving a lasting impact on world history and exploration.
67
Q: What discoveries made during Magellan’s voyage reshaped global trade?
A: The presence of the Pacific Ocean and the Strait of Magellan, which expanded European knowledge and reshaped global trade routes.

GEN 004 (16 decks)

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