Module 4

Question 1

What is the focus of assessment and management in renal disorders?

Answer 1

Use of drugs affecting the renal system

Renal disorders require careful assessment and management strategies to address the impact of medications on kidney function.

Question 2

Name the five classifications of diuretics discussed.

Answer 2

• Loop Diuretics
• Osmotic Diuretics
• Thiazide Diuretics
• Potassium-sparing Diuretics
• Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

These classifications are essential for understanding the mechanisms and uses of diuretics.

Question 3

What is the primary action of Loop Diuretics?

Answer 3

Inhibit sodium and chloride reabsorption in the loop of Henle

Loop diuretics are powerful diuretics often used to treat conditions like heart failure.

Question 4

Fill in the blank: _______ Diuretics are used to reduce intracranial pressure.

Answer 4

[Osmotic] Diuretics

Osmotic diuretics help to draw water into the renal tubules, thus increasing urine output.

Question 5

What is a common drug used in Thiazide Diuretics?

Answer 5

[Hydrochlorothiazide]

Thiazide diuretics are often prescribed for hypertension and fluid retention.

Question 6

List two contraindications for Potassium-sparing Diuretics.

Answer 6

• Hyperkalemia
• Renal insufficiency

These contraindications are important to consider to avoid potential life-threatening conditions.

Question 7

True or False: Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors are primarily used for hypertension.

Answer 7

False

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are primarily used for glaucoma and altitude sickness.

Question 8

What are common adverse effects of diuretics?

Answer 8

• Electrolyte imbalances
• Dehydration
• Hypotension

Monitoring these effects is crucial for patient safety during diuretic therapy.

Question 9

What should be included in health teaching related to diuretics?

Answer 9

• Importance of hydration
• Monitoring electrolytes
• Recognizing signs of dehydration

Patients need to understand how to manage their health while on diuretics.

Question 10

Name an herbal preparation that may affect renal function.

Answer 10

[Cranberry]

Cranberry is often used for urinary tract health but may interact with certain medications.

Question 11

What are potential drug interactions with diuretics?

Answer 11

• NSAIDs
• Antihypertensives
• Lithium

Awareness of these interactions is essential for effective and safe treatment.

Question 12

Differentiate between crystalloids, colloids, and blood products

Answer 12

Crystalloids are solutions of salts and sugars in water, colloids are solutions containing larger molecules that remain suspended, and blood products include components derived from blood such as plasma and red blood cells.

Advantages of crystalloids: inexpensive, easy to administer. Disadvantages: may require large volumes. Advantages of colloids: stay in circulation longer. Disadvantages: more expensive, risk of allergic reactions. Blood products advantages: restore blood volume and improve oxygen delivery. Disadvantages: risk of transfusion reactions, limited shelf life.

Question 13

Define hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic solutions

Answer 13

Hypertonic solutions have a higher concentration of solutes than the cell, hypotonic solutions have a lower concentration, and isotonic solutions have equal concentrations.

Hypertonic solutions can cause cells to shrink, hypotonic solutions can cause cells to swell, and isotonic solutions maintain cell size.

Question 14

Explain the importance of potassium and sodium in maintaining fluid balance

Answer 14

Potassium and sodium are essential electrolytes that regulate fluid balance, nerve impulses, and muscle contractions.

Sodium is primarily found outside cells and helps maintain extracellular fluid volume, while potassium is mainly intracellular and is crucial for cellular function.