MODULE 4 Flashcards
disease
a condition that impairs the normal functioning of an organism
pathogen
an organism that causes diseases
communicable disease
a disease that can spread between organisms
direct transmission
when a disease is transmitted directly from one organism to another
indirect transmission
when a disease is transmitted from one organism to another via an intermediate
t helper cells
release substances to activate B lymphocytes and t killer cells
t killer cells
attach to and kill cells that are infected with a virus
t regulatory cells
these suppress the immune response from other white blood cells
active natural immunity
when you become immune after catching a disease
active artificial immunity
when you become immune after you’ve been given a vaccination containing a harmless dose of antigen
passive natural immunity
when a baby becomes immune due to the antibodies it receives from the mother through placenta and in breast milk
passive artificial immunity
when you become immune after being injected with antibodies from someone else
autoimmune disease
when an organisms immune system is not able to recognise self antigens, chronic disease
antibiotic
chemicals that kill of inhibit the growth of bacteria
personalised medicines
medicine that are tailored to an individuals DNA
synthetic biology
involves using technology to design and make things like artificial proteins, cells and microorganisms
biodiversity
the variety of living organisms in an area
habitat diversity
the number of different habitats in an area
species diversity
the number of different species and the abundance of each species in an area
genetic diversity
the variation of alleles within a species
systematic sampling
when samples are taken at fixed intervals along a line
opportunistic sampling
when samples are chosen by the investigator, simple to carry out so biased
stratified sampling
when different areas in a habitat are identified and sampled separately in proportion to their part of the habitat as a whole.
species evenness
a measure of the relative abundance of each species in an area
species richness
the number of different species in an area
polymorphism
a locus that has 2 or more alleles
in situ conservation
it involves protecting species in their natural habitat
ex situ conservation
involves protecting a species by removing part of the population from threatened habitat and placing it in a new location
Rio convention on biological diversity
aims to develop international strategies on the conservation of biodiversity and how to use animal and plant resources in a sustainable way
CITIES agreement
is an agreement designed to increase international cooperation in regulating trade in wild animal and plant specimens
The countryside stewardship scheme
aims to conserve wildlife and biodiversity, and to improve and extend wild life habitats by promoting specific management techniques to landowners
classification
the act of arranging organisms into groups based on their similarities and differences.
easier for scientists to identify and study them
taxonomy
the study of classification
phylogeny
the study of evolutionary history of groups of organisms
tells us who is related to whom and how closely they are related
molecular evidence
the similarities in DNA and proteins
embryological evidence
the similarities in the early stages of an organisms development
anatomical evidence
the similarities in structure and function of different body parts
behavioural evidence
the similarities in behaviour and social organisation of organisms
behavioural adaptations
way an organism acts that increase its chances of survival
physiological adaptations
processes inside an organisms body that increase its chances of survival
anatomical adaptations
structural features of an organisms body that increase its chances of survival
marsupial mammals
kangaroos
have a short gestation period
dont develop full placenta
are born early in their development are climb into their mothers pouch
placental mammals
have a longer gestation period
develop a placenta during pregnancy which allows the exchange of nutrients and waste products between the fetus and the mother
