exchange surfaces Flashcards
describe what happens as you breathe in
air enters trachea
trachea splits into 2 bronchi, one bronchus to each lung
each bronchus branches off into smaller tubes called bronchioles
the bronchioles end in small air sacs called alveoli where gases are exchanged
what do the goblet cells do?
they secrete mucus, the mucus traps microorganisms and dust particles in the inhaled air, stopping them from reaching the alveoli
what do the cilia do?
beat the mucus, this moves the mucus upward away from alveoli towards through where its swallowed, this prevents lung infection
what do the elastic fibres do?
help the process of breathing out
what do the smooth muscle do?
allows their diameter to be controlled, during exercise the smooth muscle relaxes, tubes widen, less resistance to airflow
what do the rings of cartilage do?
provide support and is flexible to stop the trachea and bronchi collapsing when u breathe in and the pressure drops
which part of the lung has a large c shaped pieces of cartilage, smooth muscle, elastic fibres , goblet cells and ciliated epithelium
trachea
which part of the lung has a smaller pieces of cartilage, smooth muscle, elastic fibres , goblet cells and ciliated epithelium
bronchi
which part of the lung has no cartilage, smooth muscle, elastic fibres , goblet cells and ciliated epithelium
larger bronchiole
which part of the lung has no cartilage, smooth muscle, elastic fibres and ciliated epithelium
smaller bronchiole
which part of the lung has no cartilage, elastic fibres no ciliated epithelium
smallest bronchiole
which part of the lung has no cartilage, elastic fibres and no ciliated epithelium
alveoli
explain the process of inspiration
the external intercostal and diaphragm muscles contract
this causes the ribcage to move upwards and outwards, and the diaphragm to flatten, increasing the volume of the thorax
as the volume of the thorax increases, the lung pressure decreases
this causes air to flow into the lungs
ITS AN ACTIVE PROCESS, REQUIRES ENERGY
explain the process of expiration
the external intercostal and diaphragm muscles relax
ribcage move inwards and downwards and the diaphragm becomes curved again
thorax volume decreases, causing the air pressure to increase
air is forced out of the lungs
normal expiration=passive process
forced expiration=active process
define tidal volume
the volume of air in each breath