M5 excretion Flashcards
what is excretion?
the removal of waste products of metabolism from the body
e.g. CO2 is a waste product of respiration, too much in blood is toxic so is removed by lungs
what is the process of excess amino acids being broken down by the liver
deamination and ornithine cycle
what is detoxification and what are 2 examples?
when the liver breaks down harmful substances into less harmful components that can be excreted from the body
alcohol (ethanol) and insulin
what does the hepatic artery do?
supplies the liver with oxygenated blood from the heart
what does the hepatic vein do?
takes deoxygenate blood away from the liver
what does the hepatic portal vein do?
brings blood from the duodenum and ileum so its rich in products of digestion
what does the bile duct do?
takes bile to the gall bladder to be stored
what do Kupffer cells do?
remove bacteria and break down old red blood cells
what are hepatocytes?
cylindrical structures made of cells that break down harmful substances into less harmful substances that can re enter the blood
what are sinusoids?
capillaries that connect hepatic artery and hepatic portal vein to the central vein.
under a light microscope, what are the white spaces?
sinusoids
under a light microscope, what is the large white circular shape?
central vein
under a light microscope, what are the cells that radiate out of central vein?
hepatocytes and the red dots are nuclei
what can kidney failure be detected by?
measuring the glomerular filtration rate, the rate at which blood is filtered from the glomerulus into the bowman’s capsule
how can kidney infections cause kidney failure?
it cause inflammation of kidneys, which can damage parts of cell. this interferes with filtering in the bowman’s capsule. or with reabsorption in other parts of the nephrons