Module 4 Flashcards
What are exec functions:
brain processes that allow us to
allows us to
allow us to ?
control thoughts, ideas, behaviors, feelings
set and achieve goals
organize and act on information or adjust to change
Exec fx components:
initiation: action of beginning
prob. solving: identifying? generating ? choosing a ? and evaluating?
mental flexibility: ability ot change a ?
planning: setting? and determining a ?
judgment: being able to discern the ? and act in a way that
goal-directed task
problem/ potential solution/ solution/ outcome
course of action or thought based on shifting demands of situation
objectives/ coursed of action
potentially good and harmful aspects of situation/ makes sense
exec fx continued
inhibition: ability to ?
reasoning: process of ?
self-regulation: regulation of one’s ? in order to behave in an ?
meta-cognition: awareness and understanding of one’s own?
select appropriate responses and suppress unwanted actions
forming conclusions, judgments, or inferences
thoughts, emotional responses, actions and motivations/ expected way for given situation
thoughts and skills and how you learn info
Anatomic correlates of exec fx:
associated with?
prefrontal area divided into subsections ?
frontal lobes and connections
dorsolateral
ventrolateral
orbitofrontal
dorsomedial
ventromedial
Neurology: prefrontal cortex:
functions of prefrontal cortex include
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plays a role in ?
connected to:
associated cortices of
…
medial
…
receives information regarding ?
cognition, personality, decision making, social behavior, self-awareness, planning, problem solving
-initiate and carry out goal-directed behaviors
behavior, memory, judgment
other lobes
hypothalamus
medial thalaus
amygdala
sensation, motivation and emotion through these connections
Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex:
involves:
control of exec fx:
langauge: regulates ?
Bilinguals: helps resolve conflicts from ? and to inhibit?
damage includes:
impaired
reduced
difficulty
poor
…
increased dependence on
functionally, work is problematic unless jobas are ?
motivation, exec fx, monitoring, response, selection, inhibition
attention, WM, set-shifting, planning, org., problem solving, decision making
spontaneous speec, narratives, verbal fluency
language interference, language not in use
WM
word fluency
shifting sets
poor planning
perseveration
dependence on environmental stimuli
repetitive
Ventrolateral Prefrontal cortex:
-… supression
-…taksing
-…resolution
-… memory
encodes and retrieved ?
role in ?
judgment, emotion, suppression, dual-tasking, and conflict resolution, working and episodic memory
memories for tasks, judgments, and making decisions
motor inhibition
Orbito-frontal cortex:
learning and ?
judgment for ?
…learning
regulates ?
reward value of ?
determines emotional value of ?
…. control and …inhibition:
inhibit or facilitates actions triggered by ?
decision making
reward/punishment
adaptive learning
social behavior
stimuli
-information
impulse control and response inhibition
-drives and appetites
Medial Frontal Cortex:
also involved in
part of
processing and expression of:
…memory
…..
decision making
cingulate cortex
expression of emotion
working and emotional memory
social cognition, mentalizing, self-reflection, foresight
Orbito-frontal/medial frontal cortex damage:
akinesia: impaired ?
mutism?
abulia/apathy: lack of?
reduced
reduced
reduced
innappropriate ?
reduced
poor sense of
initiation of movement
absent speech
self-initiated action/ willpower
emotional expression
movement, eating/drinking
social activity
social behavior
speech
self
Cingulate Cortex cont.:
part of the circuit that allows us to make? detect? anticipate ? and?
plays role in?
also connected to ?
assists in regulating emotional behaviors such as ?
also involved in?
- pain ?
damage to this area associated with ?
damage to this area also assoc. with ?
make decsisions, detect errors, anticipate tasks and exec. fx
-attention, motivation and modualtion of emotional responses
-visual eye fields for visual attention
affect, vocalizations for emotional expressions and our emotional response to stimuli
autonomic nervous system and endocrine system
pain perception
emotional disturbances, cognitive and attentional deficits
depression, asd, ADHD, and schizo
Basal Ganglia:
also known as
anatomy
composed of 5 nuclei lateral to thalamus
functions:
regulates complex
inhibits
coordinates
regulates ?
uses
corpus striatum
globus pallidus
putamen
caudate nucleus
claustrum
amygdaloid nucelus
motor functions such as posutre, locomotion, balance and arm swinging
function
motor behavior
cognitive functions (spatial memory, obsessive compulsive disorder, inability to make switches in behavior)
dopamine
Exec fx in clinical pop.:
acquired brain injury
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0
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D…
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TBI
concussion
aphasia
right brain damage
dementia
parkinsons
ALS
multiple sclerosis
Cog Comm: exec fx and language:
successful comm. requires:
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-flexible use of
-inhibition of
-continuous updating of info as ?
difficulties in comm. primarily evident at the ?
-failure to address
-poor
-poor
-reduced
planning
language across contexts
inappropriate responses
updating of info as context and social cues change
discourse level:
-perspective of others
-ccomprehension of social implications
-inhibition
org. of discourse
Exec fx and language
anomia or reduced ?
poor planning impacts ?
unable to make adjustments to ?
impaired ? impacts ?
reduced comprehension of ?
reduced awareness fo
word finding/fluency
activities and discourse
sudden situations
working memory impacts topic maitenance
abstract concepts such as body language, fig. language, complex grammar
deficits
