Module 3A

Question 1

What happens in the Mitochondria ?

Answer 1

Respiration that will provide energy for important life processes.

Question 2

Why do the Liver cells have large numbers of mitochondria?

Answer 2

They require a lot of energy for metabolic reactions.

Question 3

Why do the muscle cells have a lot of mitochondria?

Answer 3

They require a lot of energy for contractions and movement.

Question 4

Where are chromosomes found?

Answer 4

In the nucleus.

Question 5

What are Chromosomes

Answer 5

Long strands of coiled up DNA

Question 6

Describe three points about the structure of DNA

Answer 6

1) two long strands coiled to form a double helix
2) each strand contains chemicals called bases that cross link across the strands
3) it contains genes

Question 7

What are genes?

Answer 7

A section of DNA that contains it’s own sequence of bases

Question 8

Because each gene has a different sequence of bases, what is the result overall?

Answer 8

A unique protein will be coded for.

Question 9

A gene codes for a…

Answer 9

specific protein

Question 10

What is every single protein made from?

Answer 10

A chain of amino acids

Question 11

Every single protein has its own number and order of amino acids. What does this mean?

Answer 11

Every single protein will have a different shape and therefore different function.

Question 12

Every single protein has a different shape and function, why is this?

Answer 12

Every single protein has a different number or order of amino acids.

Question 13

3 bases makes …

Answer 13

1 amino acid

Question 14

1 amino acid is made from…

Answer 14

3 bases

Question 15

What will the order of bases in a gene determine?

Answer 15

The order of amino acids in a protein.

Question 16

How is the order of amino acids in a protein determined?

Answer 16

The order of bases in a gene.

Question 17

What is the name of the base T and who does it love?

Answer 17

Thymine and it loves A

Question 18

What is the name of the base A and who does it love

Answer 18

Adenine and it loves T

Question 19

What is the name of the base C and who does it love?

Answer 19

Cytosine and it loves G

Question 20

What is the name of the base G and who does it love?

Answer 20

Guanine and it loves C

Question 21

Describe complementary base pairing.

Answer 21

When Thymine (T) and Adenine (A) see each other across the strands, they form a cross link, and they pair up. This is because they compliment each other.

Question 22

What would happen if complementary base pairing didn’t exist?

Answer 22

The DNA would not remain in it’s tightly wound double helix structure.

Question 23

What is protein synthesis?

Answer 23

The production/making of proteins.

Question 24

Where does protein synthesis happen?

Answer 24

The ribosomes in the cytoplasm.

Question 25

DNA is a large molecule, why does this prove obstructive in protein synthesis?

Answer 25

It can not move out of the nucleus to get to the ribosome.

Question 26

Why does the ribosome need the DNA?

Answer 26

It needs to read the code from the gene so it can produce the chain of amino acids to produce the protein.

Question 27

What molecule helps in the process of protein synthesis?

Answer 27

mRNA (messenger molecule)

Question 28

What does MRNA do?

Answer 28

Copies the genetic code from the DNA in the nucleus and takes it to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm so the protein can be produced.