Module 3.2

Question 1

Maternal and paternal alleles for a trait separate from one another during gamete formation and reunite during fertilization

Answer 1

Law of Segregation (First Law)

Question 2

During gamete formation, the alleles for different traits segregate independently of one another

Answer 2

Law of Independent Assortment (Second Law)

Question 3

One dominant allele “masks” the expression of a recessive allele

Answer 3

Law of Dominance (Third Law)

Question 4

Any inheritance pattern that dooes not follow one or more laws of Mendelian Genetics

Answer 4

Non-Mendelian Genetics

Question 5

True or False? Double dose of a dominant
allele may be lethal.

Answer 5

True

Question 6

has hundreds of alleles resulting in four basic phenotypes

Answer 6

PKU(phenylketonuria)

Question 7

• One allele is not completely dominant over another
• Both traits are expressed
  *Traits are blended together rather than occurring distinctly from one another

Answer 7

Incomplete Dominance

Question 8

Both alleles for a particular trait are expressed equally

Answer 8

Codominance

Question 9

genotype that causes death before the individual can reproduce.
– Removes an expected progeny class following a specific cross

Answer 9

Lethal Genotypes

Question 10

• its sequence can deviate in many ways.
• Different allele combinations can produce variations in the phenotype

Answer 10

Multiple Alleles

Question 11

a gene that affects expression
of another gene

Answer 11

Modifier Gene

Question 12

• Phenomenon where one gene affects the
  expression of a second gene
• Interaction of two or more gene pairs at
  different loci influence the same trait, but one allele has an overriding effect on the
  phenotype

Answer 12

Epistasis

Question 13

the percentage of individuals who have a
certain genotype and show the expected phenotype

Answer 13

Penetrance

Question 14

the severity or extent of the phenotype an individual shows

Answer 14

Expressivity

Question 15

same genotype will produce
different “degrees” of phenotype in
individuals

Answer 15

variable expressivity

Question 16

Phenomenon where one gene controls several functions or has more than one effect

Answer 16

Pleiotropy

Question 17

Trait that appears inherited but is caused by the environment

Answer 17

Phenocopy

Question 18

can enable woman to avoid transmitting a mitochondrial disorder

Answer 18

Ooplasmic transfer technique

Question 19

What mitochondrial disorder is responsible for weak and flaccid muscles

Answer 19

Mitochondrial myopathies

Question 20

what mitochondrial disorder is responsible for impaired vision

Answer 20

Leber optical atrophy

Question 21

Condition where the mtDNA sequence is not the same in all copies of the genome

Answer 21

Heteroplasmy

Question 22

*Directly violates the Law of Independent Assortment
* Sometimes alleles of certain genes are inherited together, rather than segregating independently
* Genes located in close proximity to each other on the same chromosome are more likely to be inherited together instead of assorting independently

Answer 22

Gene Linkage

Question 23

group of genes within an organism that was inherited together from a single parent

Answer 23

haplotype

Question 24

• Traits that are coded for by genes that are
  located on the sex chromosomes
  – Usually found on the X chromosomes

Answer 24

Sex-linked Traits

Question 25

• Cells contain a special type of
  DNA called mitochondrial DNA
  found in mitochondria

Answer 25

Extranuclear Inheritance

Question 26

encode proteins that participate in protein synthesis and energy production

Answer 26

Mitochondrial genes

Question 27

Doctors take a donor egg from a healthy woman and take the nucleus from another and implant the nucleus in the empty egg shell which allows healthy DNA from the donor and the nuclear DNA from the biological mother.

Answer 27

Three-person Babies

Question 28

(also known as color blindness) represents a group of conditions that affect the perception of color.

Answer 28

Color vision deficiency

Question 29

Different genes can produce identical phenotypes

Answer 29

Genetic Heterogeneity