Module 3.1

Question 1

the patterns in which single-gene traits and disorders occur in families.

Answer 1

Modes of inheritance

Question 2

Affects both sexes and appears in every generation

Answer 2

autosomal dominant

Question 3

Affects both sexes and can skip generations
through carriers

Answer 3

autosomal recessive

Question 4

a piece of DNA that encodes a
particular trait

Answer 4

Gene

Question 5

an alternate form of a gene

Answer 5

Allele

Question 6

expressed whether alone or in pairs.
Symbolized by a capital letter; ONE THAT
MASKS the expression of recessive trait

Answer 6

Dominant allele

Question 7

expressed only in the absence of a dominant allele. Symbolized by lowercase; ONE THAT IS BEING MASKED

Answer 7

Recessive allele

Question 8

the genetic composition of an individual (Ex. TT, tt,
Tt)

Answer 8

Genotype

Question 9

grade of similarity between alleles that determine one specific trait in an organism

Answer 9

Zygosity

Question 10

contains a pair of the same allele

Answer 10

Homozygous

Question 11

two recessive alleles

Answer 11

Homozygous recessive

Question 12

two dominant alleles

Answer 12

Homozygous dominant

Question 13

contains two different alleles

Answer 13

Heterozygous

Question 14

• the physical expression of a gene or allele

Answer 14

Phenotype

Question 15

Most common phenotype

Answer 15

Wild Type

Question 16

Variant of a gene’s expression that arises when the gene undergoes mutation

Answer 16

Mutant phenotype

Question 17

A plant, that when self fertilized, only produces offspring with the same traits

Answer 17

True-breeding

Question 18

a specific characteristic, such as seed color or plant height, that varies from one individual to
another

Answer 18

trait

Question 19

One allele of the same gene masks the other
allele at the same locus

Answer 19

Law of Dominance and Recessiveness

Question 20

Principle that the maternal and paternal alleles for a trait
separate from one another during gamete formation

Answer 20

Law of Segregation

Question 21

*A graph or chart that illustrates predictions of all
possible gene combinations in a cross of parents

Answer 21

Punnett Square

Question 22

*Simplest
* Involve only 1 characteristic

Answer 22

Monohybrid Cross

Question 23

The inheritance of one does not influence the
chance of inheriting the other

Answer 23

Law of Independent Assortment

Question 24

Study of inheritance patterns for organisms differing in two characteristics

Answer 24

Dihybrid Cross

Question 25

application of probability theory that can predict the chance that parents with known genotype can produce offspring of a particular genotype

Answer 25

Product Rule