Module 1: Intro to Cytogenetics Flashcards
a branch of biology that deals with the heredity and variation of organisms
genetics
Cultivation of crops
and domestication of
animals
10,000-8,000 BCE
Suggested that the
physical characteristics
of organisms are stored in the semen
Aristotle
(Ancient Greece)
Theory of Pangenesis
“Each part of the body continually emitted its own type of small organic
particles called gemmules
that aggregated in the gonads, contributing
heritable information to the gametes”
Charles Darwin
1868
-Father of Modern Genetics
-Credited for his work on the
pea plant (Pisum sativum)
-His findings became the foundation of modern day
genetics
Gregor Mendel
1856
Did the same experiment as
Mendel’s on fruit flies
(Drosophila melanogaster)
Thomas Hunt Morgan
1910
Discovered
chromosomes in
plant cells
Karl Wilhem Nägeli
1842
-Coined the word
“Genetics” for the first time
-Genetics became a formal
branch of biology
-Along with Punnett, made significant findings on
genetic linkages
William Bateson
1905
-Proposed the double helix structure of DNA
-The structure is the foundation of
many other scientific findings
James Watson and Francis Crick
Elucidated the role of DNA as the mediator of heredity in
their experiment on the bacterium Pneumococci
Avery, MacLeod, and
McCarty (1944)
Confirmed the Avery, et al. experiment thru their
bacteriophage labelling
experiments
Alfred Hershey and Martha
Chase (1952)
The Drosophila genome was
competed
Drosophila melanogaster
2000
Developed PCR
(Polymerase Chain
Reaction)
Fred Sanger
1986
Dolly the Sheep was
born. The first ever
cloned animal from an adult somatic cell
Dolly 1996
was the first pet to be cloned.
CC 2001
“Copy Cat”
CC the Cat
2001
world’s biggest biological collaborative
research project that aimed to map the
base pairs in the human DNA
Human Genome
Project
2003
a branch of biology that deals with the study of heredity and variation by the methods of both cytology and genetics
Cytogenetics
routine analysis of chromosomes at the metaphase stage which have
been banded by trypsin followed by stains such as Giemsa, Leishman or a combination of 2
karyotyping
What does FISH stand for?
Fluorescent in-situ hybridization
uses fluorescent probes that attaches to specific areas in the chromosome.
It is used to detect the presence or absence of specific DNA sequence in
the chromosome
FISH
makes use of a DNA microarray or DNA chip which is a collection of
microscopic DNA spots attached to a solid surface. This technology is
used to measure expression levels of large numbers of genes.
DNA microarray analysis
diagnosis of heritable germline genetic abnormalities in children, adults,
pregnancy, and fetal loss
constitutional cytogenetics
detection of acquired or somatic genetic abnormalities for the diagnosis, prognosis, therapy, and/or monitoring of many types of cancer, especially those of hematologic type.
cancer cytogenetics
