Module 3 - Vowels And Front Vowels Flashcards

1
Q

Vowel def + components

A

A speech sound that is formed without a significant constriction of the oral and pharyngeal cavities and that serves as a syllable nucleus

No Significant constriction
Syllable Nucleus

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2
Q

Meaning of significant constriction

A

The cavities are never narrowed to the degree observed for consonants

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3
Q

Syllable nucleus

A

Only one vowel sound can occur within the boundaries of a syllable unit

Individual vowels can be identified with individual syllables

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4
Q

Three aspects of vowel production

A
  1. Spatial - the articulators are positioned so as not to constrict the oral and pharyngeal cavities
  2. Temporal - sound of interest can be sustained indefinitely
  3. Functional - syllable must include a vowel as its nucleus
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5
Q

Monophthong

A

A pure vowel having a single, unchanging sound quality

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6
Q

Diphthongs

A

Vowel like sound which involves a gradual transition from one vowel articulation (onglide) to another (offglide)

E.g. how, eye, hoy

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7
Q

Tongue position dimensions

A

Tongue position distinguishes among almost all of the vowel sounds in English

  1. High-low (superior-inferior)
  2. Front-back (anterior-posterior)
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8
Q

Vowel Characteristics

A

Vowels are voiced

Vowels resonate in the oral cavity

No significant constrictions/open vocal tract

Vowels are the nucleus of a syllable

Two types: monophthong + diphthong

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9
Q

Vowel Description

A

TONGUE HEIGHT:

  • vertical position of tongue - high to low

TONGUE ADVANCEMENT:

  • front to back continuum (front, central, back)

TENSENESS OR DURATION

  • tense vowels longer
  • Lax vowels shorter

LIP ROUNDING

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10
Q

TONGUE HEIGHT

A
  • Vertical position of the tongue body
  • determined as the position of the highest point of the tongue
  • High vowels - tongue is close to the roof of the mouth
  • Low vowels - tongue is depressed in the mouth
  • Intermediate - mid
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11
Q

high - low tongue contrasts (words)

A

Heat - Hat
Pete - Pat
Meat - Mat
Hoot- Hot
Soup - Sop
Ease - As

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12
Q

Jaw

A

The tongue can move independently of the jaw

However, tongue and jaw work together in vowel articulation

General Rule:

High vowels - produced with a closed jaw position
Low vowels - produced with a more open jaw position

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13
Q

Descending Tongue Height (Words)

A

Meat
Mit
Mate
Met
Mat

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14
Q

Tongue Advancement (Tongue retraction)

A

Front to back dimension (anterior - posterior)

Classified as:

  1. Front
  2. Central
  3. Back
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15
Q

Examples of Front/Central/Back Comparisons

A

FRONT-BACK:

Heat-hoot
Hat-Hot
Pit-Put

FRONT-CENTRAL:
Heat-hurt
hat-hut
pit-putt

CENTRAL-BACK
hurt-hoot
hut-hot
putt-put

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16
Q

Four Corners

Point, Cardinal, Corner Vowel

A

/i/ (high-front) - heat, see, deed, me, beef
/u/ (high-back) - hoot, Sue, dude, moo, boot

/æ/(low-front) - hat, sap, dad, mash, bag
/a/(low-back) - hot, sock, dock, bomb, box

17
Q

Tenseness

A

Muscle Activity + Duration

Divided into tense and lax

18
Q

Tense Vowels

A

Tense vowels - have greater muscle activity and longer duration

e.g. /i, u, ɔ, o/
Heat, boot, bought, bake, boat

19
Q

Lax Vowels

A

Less muscle activity, shorter duration

/ɪ, ɛ, æ, ʊ, a, ə, ʌ, ɚ/

Hit, get, cat, book, father, some, Bert

20
Q

Lip Rounding

A

Rounded vowels - produced with the lips in a pursed and protruded state

/u, ʊ, o, ɔ, ɚ, ɝ/

Unrounded vowels - no pursing or protrusion

/i, ɪ, ɛ, e, æ, ə, ʌ, a/

21
Q

Front Vowels

A

All are unrounded

Front vowels make up roughly half of all vowels recorded in English

/i, ɪ, e, ɛ, æ/

22
Q

Vowel /i/

A

Eat, read, cheese

Lips - unrounded, possibly retracted
Jaws - closed or elevated position

Velopharynx- normally closed unless sound is in a nasal context; velum tends to be quite high

Always in stressed syllables; never in an unstressed syllable

23
Q

Transcription /i/

A

Seed /s i d/
Phoenix /f i n ɪ k s/
Feast /f i s t/
Beak /b i k/
Leap /l i p/
Leagues /l i ɡ z/
Knead /n i d/
Sneak /s n i k/
Lease /l i s/
Green /ɡ r i n/
Please /p l i z/
Bleed /b l i d/

24
Q

Vowel /ɪ/

A

City, it, In, If, ill, is

Tongue- high-mid, front, lax

Lips: unrounded; sometimes slightly rounded

Jaw: closed ranging to mid-open

Velopharynx: normally closed unless sound is in nasal context

25
Q

Transcription /ɪ/

A

Limp /l ɪ m p/
Did /d ɪ d/
Picking /p ɪ k ɪ ŋ/

Look at slides for more

26
Q

Vowel /e/

A

Ate, date, locate

Tongue: front, mid, tense

Lips: unrounded

Jaw: mid; may be closed

Velopharynx - normally closed

Monophthong, but commonly occurs in English in the diphthongized form /eɪ/ (syllables with primary stress including monosyllabic words or open syllables)

E.g. Vacation /v e k eɪ ʃ ə n/

27
Q

Transcription /e/

A

Examples that are often, but not always, produced with the monophthong /e/

Donate, operate, elevate

Examples of words that are often, but not always produced with a diphthong /eɪ/

Game
Fade
Ballet
Clay
Gray
Eight
Gaze
Amaze

28
Q

Vowel /ɛ/

A

Bed, send, rest

Tongue: low-mid, front, lax
Lips: unrounded
Jaw: mid-position
Velopharynx: normally closed

Short duration

29
Q

Transcription /ɛ/

A

Bet /b ɛ t/

Attempt /ə t ɛ m p t/

30
Q

Vowel /æ/

A

Had, Sass, Alabama

Tongue: low, front, lax

Lips: unrounded

Jaw: open position

Velopharynx: normally closed

Generally not followed by /r/ in American English within the same syllable. For example, in the word “larynx” /l æ r ɪ ŋ k s/
the /æ/ and the /r/ are in different symbols

31
Q

Transcription /æ/

A

bad, hammer, alabama, slash, glass, standard, alcohol