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Reproduction #1 > Module 3: Sexual Differentiation > Flashcards

Module 3: Sexual Differentiation Flashcards

1
Q

Most reproductive organs originate from _____________

A

Mesoderm

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2
Q

Reproductive system starts to develop very _________ (late/early) in fetal life

A

early

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3
Q

Vagina/vestibule and penis/clitoris come from the _________

A

ectoderm

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4
Q

What are the undifferentiated gonads?

A

_ Primordial Germ cells
- Mesenchymal (interstitial) cells (Theca or Leydig)
- Secrete Steroids
- Coelomic epithelium (Granulosa or Sertoli)
- Sustain GC and foster its maturation and guide its movement

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5
Q
  • Gonadal Sex is determined by ______________________
  • no hormone is necessary
A

Sex Chromosome

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6
Q

Sertoli cells = Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH)
Leydig cells = Testosterone

A

Male Chromosome Pair

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7
Q

Granulosa and Theca cells
No Testosterone = Wolffian duct regress

A

Female Chromosome Pair

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8
Q

What requires hormones?

A

differentiation of Genital Ducts

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9
Q

Paramesonephric (Mullerian) Ducts

A

Female

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10
Q

Mesonephric (Wolffian) Duct

A

Males

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11
Q

What is required for Wolffian ducts to develop?

A

Testosterone

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12
Q

What causes regression of Mullerian ducts?

A

AMH

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13
Q

Female:
No AMH = _____________________

A

Mullerian ducts develop

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14
Q

the precursor of the penis and the clitoris

A

Genital tubercle

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15
Q

promotes prostate growth, sebaceous gland activity, male pattern baldness, and body, facial and pubic hair growth

A

dihydrotestosterone (DHT)

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16
Q

Genital tubercle = __________________

A

Glans Penis

17
Q

___________ External Genitalia
- Hormones not necessary for differentiation
- Estrogen is required to promote growth to normal size
- Exogenous androgens = masculinization

A

Females

18
Q
  • Female calf born co-twin to a male calf
  • Male gonad develops earlier and secretes Testosterone
  • Anastomosis in placental circulation between twins
  • Testosterone causes masculinization of female twin
A

Freemartin Calves

18
Q
  • Female calf born co-twin to a male calf
  • Male gonad develops earlier and secretes Testosterone
  • Anastomosis in placental circulation between twins
  • Testosterone causes masculinization of female twin
A

Freemartin Calves

19
Q
  • Segmental Aplasia
  • “Short Vestivule/Vagina”
  • Tuft of hair in vulva
A

Freemartin Heifers

20
Q

What is responsible for differentiation of brain?

A

Estrogen

21
Q

_______________ binds Estradiol in Females
- Cannot Cross B-B Barrier

A

Α-FetoProtein

21
Q

_______________ binds Estradiol in Females
- Cannot Cross B-B Barrier

A

Α-FetoProtein

22
Q

Pattern of gonadotropin release
Males:

A

Constant

23
Q

Pattern of gonadotropin release:
Females:

A

Cyclic (presence of Surge Center in hypothalamus)

24
Q

Converts T into E2

A

Aromatase

25
Q

Α-FetoProtein does not bind ____________ in Males
- Can Cross B-B Barrier

A

Testosterone

Reproduction #1 (15 decks)

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