Module 2: Normal Male Reproductive Anatomy Flashcards
- Manufacturing & assembly plant of spermatozoa
- Spermatozoal potential range <1-25 billion spermatozoa per day per testes
Testis
- Finishing shops
- Final changes are made to spermatozoa structure
- Becomes fertile sperm
Epididymis
The storage of spermatozoa happens primarily in the ___________________________
tail of the epididymis
Ductus deferens and urethra –
transport
Production of seminal plasma - dilution & changes that facilitate spermatozoal function
Accessory sex gland
- delivery system for ejaculation
- erection, protrusion of the penis, and ejaculation of sperm
Penis and associated muscles
- distal aspect of the tubular genitalia
- penile urethra
What are the basic components of the male reproductive tract?
- Testis
- Spermatic Cord
- Excurrent duct system (epididymis, ductus deference, urethra)
- Accessory Sex Glands
- Penis and associated Muscles
- Scrotum
- Produce male germ cells (spermatozoa)
- Produce male hormone (testosterone)
- Produce inhibin and estrogen, and other proteins
- Produce fluids
These are Functions of the ________
Testes
The layers of the Testicular Capsule are:
- Tunica vaginalis
- Tunica Albuginea
- Vascular layer
- Smooth muscle
- Visceral layer/outside surface
Tunica vaginalis
- Thick fibrous connective tissue layer with smooth muscle
- Continuous with the Mediastinum Testes
Tunica Albuginea
Underneath the testicular capsule the parenchyma is comprised of two major components:
- Tubular Component (within the seminiferous tubules)
- Interstitial Component (BETWEEN the seminiferous tubules)
What is considered the EXOCRINE portion of the testes, meaning it sends its product into a tubular or a ductal structure?
Tubular Component
Stratified epithelium
–Spermatogonia
–Spermatocytes
–Spermatids
–Spermatozoa
Seminiferous Tubule
The central part of the testes is referred to as the __________
Mediastinum Testes
- Ducts through the mediastinum
- Collect sperm from seminiferous tubules, joins with tubulous rectus portion (channels
sperm transport through testis)
Rete Tubules/Rete Testis
- Sperm transport
- Sperm maturation
- Sperm motility
- Sperm concentration
- Storage (fluid absorbed along length and fluid quality changed)
- Production of compounds
These are functions of the _________
Epididymis
From the 5 accessory Sex Glands, which is the one that you can’t see grossly?
Urethral Glands
Secretory products
– Nourish spermatozoa
– Activate spermatozoa
– Clear urethral tract
– Vehicle for sperm transport
– Plugging female reproductive tract (rodents)
These are fuctions of the __________
Accessory Sex Glands
What Accessory Sex Glands are Paired?
- Ampulla
- Seminal Vesicles (vesicular glands)
- Bulbourethral glands
The ______________ is not paired, and is divided into two major portions:
- Large, distinct portion referred to as the body
- A more disseminate portion that can’t be palpated as easily or located easily
Prostate
What species only has a prostate gland?
Canine
What species has a bulbourethral gland and prostate gland?
Cats
What species have all four accessory sex glands?
Horses and Ruminant
What species has Seminal vesicles, Bulbourethral glands and prostate?
Swine
What species achieves erection through dilation or engorgement of vascular spaces?
Stallion
What species achieves erection through dilation or engorgement of vascular spaces?
Stallion, Canine
In what species is the testes more upright, and tail of the epididymis is towards the ventral aspect of the animal?
Bull
In what species is the testes horizontal in location?
Horses, Dog
In what species is the testes upside down compared to a lot of the other species?
Boar
What species have a Fibroelastic Penis?
(Thick capsule/ Tunica albuginea)
Boar, ruminants
Why does very little erection take place in a fibroelastic penis?
Because it is a very thick capsule around the penis and a thick fibrous connective tissue (tunica albuginea)
- this is why the sigmoid flexure is a requirement for these species
What species has a vascular penis or a vasomuscular penis (Thin Capsule) ?
Horses, Carnivores
Penile Anatomy:
Cartilaginous process
Camelids
Penile Anatomy:
Glans spirals at ejaculation
Bull
Penile Anatomy:
Filiform appendage
Ram & Buck
Penile Anatomy:
Urethral process
Stallion
Penile Anatomy:
Spiral configuration
Boar
Penile Anatomy:
Bulbus glandis, os penis
Dog
Penile Anatomy:
Spines
Cats
relatively short paired muscles in the area of the root of the penis
Ischiocavernosus muscles
- Striated muscle that surrounds pelvic urethra (circular)
- Responsible for movement of sperm and seminal plasma in penile urethra
Urethralis
- overlaps root and extends down cd and ventral surfaces of penis
– extends only partway down length of penis in boar, ram, & bull
Bulbospongiosus muscle
– dorsally attached to tail vert. & holds the penis inside the sheath
– bull, boar, ram, buck
– only with sigmoid flexure/fibroelastic penis
Retractor penis muscle (a pair of smooth muscle)
Thermoregulation/radiation ‐ temperature sensor and cooling system, protection, and support of testis
Structure
– Skin
– Tunica Dartos (dartos muscle) ‐ Smooth Muscle
– Scrotal Fascia
– Parietal and Visceral Tunica Vaginalis
– Tunica Albuginea
Scrotum
When does testicular descent in most species happen?
In Late Gestation or after Birth
Descent of Testes into Scrotum
- Inguinal canal
- Gubernaculum
- Inguinal hernia
- Tunica vaginalis formed
