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Reproduction #1 > Module 2: Normal Male Reproductive Anatomy > Flashcards

Module 2: Normal Male Reproductive Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q
  • Manufacturing & assembly plant of spermatozoa
  • Spermatozoal potential range <1-25 billion spermatozoa per day per testes
A

Testis

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2
Q
  • Finishing shops
  • Final changes are made to spermatozoa structure
  • Becomes fertile sperm
A

Epididymis

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3
Q

The storage of spermatozoa happens primarily in the ___________________________

A

tail of the epididymis

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4
Q

Ductus deferens and urethra –

A

transport

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5
Q

Production of seminal plasma - dilution & changes that facilitate spermatozoal function

A

Accessory sex gland

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6
Q
  • delivery system for ejaculation
  • erection, protrusion of the penis, and ejaculation of sperm
A

Penis and associated muscles
- distal aspect of the tubular genitalia
- penile urethra

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7
Q

What are the basic components of the male reproductive tract?

A
  • Testis
  • Spermatic Cord
  • Excurrent duct system (epididymis, ductus deference, urethra)
  • Accessory Sex Glands
  • Penis and associated Muscles
  • Scrotum
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8
Q
  1. Produce male germ cells (spermatozoa)
  2. Produce male hormone (testosterone)
  3. Produce inhibin and estrogen, and other proteins
  4. Produce fluids
    These are Functions of the ________
A

Testes

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9
Q

The layers of the Testicular Capsule are:

A
  • Tunica vaginalis
  • Tunica Albuginea
  • Vascular layer
  • Smooth muscle
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10
Q
  • Visceral layer/outside surface
A

Tunica vaginalis

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11
Q
  • Thick fibrous connective tissue layer with smooth muscle
  • Continuous with the Mediastinum Testes
A

Tunica Albuginea

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12
Q

Underneath the testicular capsule the parenchyma is comprised of two major components:

A
  • Tubular Component (within the seminiferous tubules)
  • Interstitial Component (BETWEEN the seminiferous tubules)
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13
Q

What is considered the EXOCRINE portion of the testes, meaning it sends its product into a tubular or a ductal structure?

A

Tubular Component

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14
Q

Stratified epithelium
–Spermatogonia
–Spermatocytes
–Spermatids
–Spermatozoa

A

Seminiferous Tubule

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15
Q

The central part of the testes is referred to as the __________

A

Mediastinum Testes

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16
Q
  • Ducts through the mediastinum
  • Collect sperm from seminiferous tubules, joins with tubulous rectus portion (channels
    sperm transport through testis)
A

Rete Tubules/Rete Testis

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17
Q
  1. Sperm transport
  2. Sperm maturation
  3. Sperm motility
  4. Sperm concentration
  5. Storage (fluid absorbed along length and fluid quality changed)
  6. Production of compounds
    These are functions of the _________
A

Epididymis

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18
Q

From the 5 accessory Sex Glands, which is the one that you can’t see grossly?

A

Urethral Glands

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19
Q

Secretory products
– Nourish spermatozoa
– Activate spermatozoa
– Clear urethral tract
– Vehicle for sperm transport
– Plugging female reproductive tract (rodents)
These are fuctions of the __________

A

Accessory Sex Glands

20
Q

What Accessory Sex Glands are Paired?

A
  • Ampulla
  • Seminal Vesicles (vesicular glands)
  • Bulbourethral glands
21
Q

The ______________ is not paired, and is divided into two major portions:
- Large, distinct portion referred to as the body
- A more disseminate portion that can’t be palpated as easily or located easily

22
Q

What species only has a prostate gland?

23
Q

What species has a bulbourethral gland and prostate gland?

24
Q

What species have all four accessory sex glands?

A

Horses and Ruminant

25
What species has Seminal vesicles, Bulbourethral glands and prostate?
Swine
26
What species achieves erection through dilation or engorgement of vascular spaces?
Stallion
26
What species achieves erection through dilation or engorgement of vascular spaces?
Stallion, Canine
27
In what species is the testes more upright, and tail of the epididymis is towards the ventral aspect of the animal?
Bull
28
In what species is the testes horizontal in location?
Horses, Dog
29
In what species is the testes upside down compared to a lot of the other species?
Boar
30
What species have a Fibroelastic Penis? (Thick capsule/ Tunica albuginea)
Boar, ruminants
31
Why does very little erection take place in a fibroelastic penis?
Because it is a very thick capsule around the penis and a thick fibrous connective tissue (tunica albuginea) - this is why the sigmoid flexure is a requirement for these species
32
What species has a vascular penis or a vasomuscular penis (Thin Capsule) ?
Horses, Carnivores
33
Penile Anatomy: Cartilaginous process
Camelids
34
Penile Anatomy: Glans spirals at ejaculation
Bull
35
Penile Anatomy: Filiform appendage
Ram & Buck
36
Penile Anatomy: Urethral process
Stallion
37
Penile Anatomy: Spiral configuration
Boar
38
Penile Anatomy: Bulbus glandis, os penis
Dog
39
Penile Anatomy: Spines
Cats
40
relatively short paired muscles in the area of the root of the penis
Ischiocavernosus muscles
41
- Striated muscle that surrounds pelvic urethra (circular) - Responsible for movement of sperm and seminal plasma in penile urethra
Urethralis
42
- overlaps root and extends down cd and ventral surfaces of penis – extends only partway down length of penis in boar, ram, & bull
Bulbospongiosus muscle
43
– dorsally attached to tail vert. & holds the penis inside the sheath – bull, boar, ram, buck – only with sigmoid flexure/fibroelastic penis
Retractor penis muscle (a pair of smooth muscle)
44
Thermoregulation/radiation ‐ temperature sensor and cooling system, protection, and support of testis Structure – Skin – Tunica Dartos (dartos muscle) ‐ Smooth Muscle – Scrotal Fascia – Parietal and Visceral Tunica Vaginalis – Tunica Albuginea
Scrotum
45
When does testicular descent in most species happen?
In Late Gestation or after Birth
46
Descent of Testes into Scrotum
1. Inguinal canal 2. Gubernaculum 3. Inguinal hernia 4. Tunica vaginalis formed

Reproduction #1 (15 decks)

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