Module 3: Fertilization

Question 1

What is the Spermatozoa structure composed of?

Answer 1

Head
Middle piece
Tail

Question 2

What contains digestive enzymes?

Answer 2

Acrosome

Question 3

What contains many mitochondria, and produces energy for the sperm to swim?

Answer 3

Middle piece

Question 4

What allows the sperm to swim?

Answer 4

Flagellum

Question 5

What is the physiological changes spermatozoa must undergo in order to have the ability to penetrate and fertilize an egg?

Answer 5

Sperm Capacitation

Question 6

What are the main things that Sperm Capacitation need to do?

Answer 6

• Hyperactivated motility
• Ability to undergo the acrosome reaction
• Increased protein tyrosine phosphorylation

Question 7

Where does Capacitation occur?

Answer 7

Sperm reside in the Female reproductive tract

Question 8

What keeps sperm viable until ovulation occur?

Answer 8

Sperm Reservoir

Question 9

Capacitated sperm display ___________________, is able to bind to the Zona Pellucida and undergo ______________________

Answer 9

Hyperactivated motility, Acrosome Reaction

Question 10

What involves a series of nuclear and cytoplasmic maturational events that result in acquisition of the capacity for fertilization and subsequent development?

Answer 10

Oocyte Maturation

Question 11

What triggers Meiosis resumption and changes in the cytoplasm?

Answer 11

LH surge trigger
(nuclear maturation and cytoplasmic maturation)

Question 12

Ovulation of Secondary Oocyte arrested in ___________________

Answer 12

Metaphase II

Question 13

Realease of First Polar Body happens in ______________

Answer 13

Oocyte Maturation

Question 14

The union of two haploid gametes (the spermatozoa and the oocyte) to restore the diploid state and form a Zygote (1-cell diploid embryo)

Answer 14

Fertilization

Question 15

Fertilization is followed by a series of _______ divisions that results in cell differentiation and embryo development.

Answer 15

mitotic

Question 16

Fertilization requires ______________ to the site of Fertilization (Ampulla of the Oviduct)

Answer 16

gamete transport

Question 17

What activates the oocyte?

Answer 17

Secondary Binding of sperm to oocyte

Question 18

• Release of Second Polar Body
• Formation of Female Pronucleus (1N)
• Sperm Head decondense and form Male Pronucleus (1N)
• Both pronuclei fuse and mitotic divisions start

Answer 18

Fertilization

Question 19

Fertilization:
1. Capacitated sperm bind to the ZP (primary
binding) and undergo the Acrosome Reaction
2. Penetrate ZP into Perivitelline Space
3. Sperm bind to ooplasma (secondary binding)
4. Secondary Binding induces meiosis resumption and _____________________
5. Cortical granules harden ZP = block to polyspermy

Answer 19

cortical granules exocytosis

Question 20

What is the secondary binding?

Answer 20

When Sperm bind to ooplasma

Question 21

List the sperm requirements:

Answer 21

• Sperm Capacitation
• Hyperactivated motility
• Acrosome Reaction

Question 22

List Oocyte Requirements:

Answer 22

• Nuclear Maturation (meiosis resumption)
• Cytoplasmic maturation (cortical granules migration)

Question 23

List the requirements for a successful fertilization:

Answer 23

• Gamete transport to the Ampulla
• Block to Polyspermy (cortical granules exocytosis causing ZP hardening)
• Oocyte Activation (meiosis resumption, pronuclei formation/fusion, embryo development)