Module 3 Neoplasms & Pain Flashcards
Neoplasms & Pain
Define Neoplasm and provide some characteristics
a new and abnormal growth of tissue in some part of the body, especially as a characteristic of cancer; Cancer cells stimulate own growth(self-sufficiency in growth signals); Resist inhibitory signals that might otherwise stop their growth; Resist programmed cell death
Define Differentiation
Each cell type differentiates and carries out particular function
Define Apoptosis
Programmed cell death; controlled by genetic elements
What are some characteristics of a Benign Tumor?
Usually differentiated cells that reporduce at a higher rate than normal, encapsulated, tissue damage (can be life-threatening in the brain)
What are some characteristics of Malignant tumors?
Undifferentiated, nonfunction cells, rapid reproduction, spread into surrounding tissue, spread to distant sites.
What are some Local effects of tumors?
Pain, obstruction and tissue necrosis/ulceration
What are some systemic effects of malignant tumors?
Weight loss and cachexia, anemia, severe fatigue, effusions, infections, bleeding,
What is a Genomic Tumor Assessment
Identify genetic mutations that are independent of heredity but only occur with the disease itself
What does Invasion mean?
Local spread of tumor; grow into adjacent tissue
What does Metastasis mean?
Spread to distance sites via blood or lymph
What is the TMN system used for and what does it mean?
Staging of Cancer; T=Size of primary Tumor N=Involvement of regional lymph Nodes M=Metastasis
What are some adverse effects of radiation?
bone marrow depression, epithelial cell damage, infertility, nonspecific fatigue and lethargy.
What are adverse effects of Chemotherapy?
Bone marrow depression, nausea, epithelial cell damage, damage to specific areas
What is Gene Therapy?
an experimental cancer treatment designed to replace mutated genes with a healthy copy of the gene, inactivate a mutated gene, introduce a new gene
