Module 1

Question 1

Define Disease

Answer 1

A deviation from the normal structure or function of any part, organ, system, (or combination of these), or from a state of wellness.

Question 2

Define Etiology

Answer 2

Concerns the causative factors in a particular disease.

Question 3

Define Idiopathic

Answer 3

When the cause of a disease is unknown.

Question 4

Define Iatrogenic

Answer 4

When a treatment, a procedure, or an error causes a disease. An example of this would be a bladder infection caused by a prescribed drug.

Question 5

Define Predisposing

Answer 5

Encompasses the tendencies that promote development of a disease. Example: Insufficient Calcium intake predisposes to osteoporosis.

Question 6

Define Pathogenesis

Answer 6

The development of the disease or sequence of events involved in tissue changes related to the specific disease process.

Question 7

Define Acute Disease

Answer 7

Indicates a short-term illness that develops quickly with marked signs such as high fever or severe pain. Example: Acute appendicitis.

Question 8

Define Chronic Disease

Answer 8

Often a milder condition developing gradually such as RA, but it persists for a long time and usually causes more permanent tissue damage. Often a chronic disease is marked by intermittent acute episodes.

Question 9

Define Onset, Acute

Answer 9

Sudden & obvious. Example: Gastroenteritis with vomiting, cramps and diarrhea.

Question 10

Define Onset, Insidious

Answer 10

Gradual progression with only vague or very mild signs.

Question 11

Define Manifestations

Answer 11

The clinical evidence or effects, the signs and symptoms, of disease. These manifestations, such as redness and swelling, may be local, or found at the site of the problem.

Question 12

Define Signs

Answer 12

Objective indicators of disease that are obvious to someone other than the affected individual.

Question 13

Define Symptoms

Answer 13

Subjective feelings such as pain or nausea.

Question 14

Define Lesion

Answer 14

A term used to describe a specific local change in the tissue. May be microscopic or highly visible.

Question 15

Define Remissions and Exacerbations

Answer 15

Mark the course or progres of a disease. A remission is a period or condition in which the manifestations of the disease subside either permanently or temporarily. An exacerbation is a worsening in the severity of the disease or in its signs/symptoms.

Question 16

Define Complications

Answer 16

New secondary or additional problems that arise after the original disease begins.

Question 17

Define Prognosis

Answer 17

Probability or likelihood for recovery or other outcomes

Question 18

Define Morbidity

Answer 18

Indicates disease rates within a group

Question 19

Define Mortality

Answer 19

Indicates relative number of deaths resulting from a particular disease

Question 20

Define Cellular Atrophy

Answer 20

Refers to a decrease in the size of cells resulting in a reduced tissue mass. Common causes include reduced use of the tissue, insufficient nutrition, decreased neurological or hormonal stimulation and aging.

Question 21

Define Cellular Hypertrophy

Answer 21

Refers to an increase in the size of individual cells resulting in enlarged tissue mass. An example of hypertrophy is the effect of consistent exercise on skeletal muscle, leading to an enlarged muscle mass.

Question 22

Define Hyperplasia

Answer 22

An increased number of cells resulting in an enlarged tissue mass.

Question 23

Define Metaplasia

Answer 23

Occurs when one mature cell type is replaced by a different mature cell type.

Question 24

Define Dysplasia

Answer 24

The term applied to tissue in which the cells vary in size and shape, large nuclei are frequently present, and the rate of mitosis is increased.

Question 25

Define Neoplasm

Answer 25

New Growth. Commonly called a tumor. Tumors are of two types; Benign and Malignant. Malignant neoplasms are referred to as cancer.

Question 26

Define Apoptosis

Answer 26

Refers to programmed cell death; Normal occurrence in the body

Question 27

Define Ischemia

Answer 27

Deficit of oxygen in the cells

Question 28

Define Hypoxia

Answer 28

Reduced oxygen in tissues; Nutritional deficits

Question 29

Define Necrosis

Answer 29

When a group of cells die

Question 30

Define Infarction

Answer 30

An area of dead cells resulting from lack of oxygen

Question 31

Define Gangrene

Answer 31

an area of necrotic tissue that has been invaded by bacteria