Module 3: Modern Data Center Environment (Networking) Flashcards
What are the types of network connectivity?
Compute-to-Compute
Compute-to-Storage
What is compute-to-compute connectivity?
uses IP based protocols - each compute system connected to network through host interface on a NIC
What are the common networking inter-connecting devices of a compute-to-compute connection?
Physical Switch
Routers
What is a physical switch?
enables different compute systems in network to communicate w/ each other
What is a router?
an OSI Layer-3 devices that allows different networks to communicate with each other
What is compute-to-storage connectivity?
storage connected directly to compute system or over a SAN - compute and storage communication enabled through physical components and interface protocols
What are the physical components that connects compute to storage in a compute-to-storage connectivity?
Host Bus Adapter (HBA)
Ports
Switches
Cables
What is an HBA?
device that connects compute system to storage or SAN - ASIC (application specific integrated circuit) board
What is the function of an HBA?
performs IO functions between compute and storage - relieves processer from those IO workloads - compute system typically has multiple HBAs
What is a port?
specialized outlet that connects compute to storage - HBA can have one or more ports to connect to
What is a protocol?
set of functions based on a set of rules - standardize how devices communicate over a medium (cables, air, etc.)
What is the OSI (Open Systems Interconnections) Reference Model?
logical communications protocol for standardized network communication - described in 7 layers
What are the features of the OSI protocol layers?
programmed to function independently of each other
arranged in protocol stack - each layer directly interfaces with layer immediately above or below
What is the data path of the OSI protocol layers?
output of each layer accepted as input to next until communication exits stack to the receiving device
communicating devices must use same protocol stack to establish and maintain connection
What is Layer 1 of OSI?
Physical: physical media, signal/codes, transmission
What is Layer 2 of OSI?
Data Link: physical addressing, framing flow control
What is Layer 3 of OSI?
Network: logical addressing, routing
What is Layer 4 of OSI?
Transport: logical end to end connections, sequencing, integrity
What is Layer 5 of OSI?
Session: Application Level Connection and Coordination
What is Layer 6 of OSI?
Presentation: syntactic data representation (jpg, doc, ppt)
What is Layer 7 of OSI?
Application: application interface to lower functions/services
What is the TCP/IP Reference Model?
expressed in 4 instead of 7 layers - two primary protocols are TCP (transmission control protocol) and IP (internet protocol)
What does the TCP protocol doe in the TCP/IP Reference Model?
controls data transmission/ensures data integrity
What does the IP protocol doe in the TCP/IP Reference Model?
handles correct routing of messages across different networks/devices
What is Layer 1 of TCP/IP Reference Model?
Hardware: Network-Specific Frames
What is Layer 2 of TCP/IP Reference Model?
Network Interface/Internet: IP Datagrams
What is Layer 3 of TCP/IP Reference Model?
Transport: Transport Protocol Packets
What is Layer 4 of TCP/IP Reference Model?
Application: Messages or Streams
Where is the IP Protocol in the different Reference Models?
works at Network Later of OSI and Internet Layer of TCP/IP
What is a network router?
devices that uses IP addresses to make connection between end devices across different networks
What is IP (internet protocol)?
addressing scheme that enables end devices to connect across the same network
How do IP addresses work?
segmented into different sections that specify network address and host address on the network
What does IPv4 do?
uses periods to separate host and network address
What is a subnet mask?
specifies which section of the IP address contains the network address or host address
How is the IP address read?
segmented scheme is parsed by the router which establishes path between devices on different networks
What is an IPv6 Address?
set of numbers divided by colons instead of periods - much longer than IPv4 - 128 bit notation
Why was IPv6 developed?
to handle increasing number of network devices in IoT world
IPv4 vs IPv6?
IPv4 is used for local LAN connectivity
IPv6 is for devices that connect over the Internet
What is network virtualization?
creates logical virtual networks that are decoupled from network hardware
