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ISM v5 > Module 3: Modern Data Center Environment (Compute + Applications) > Flashcards

Module 3: Modern Data Center Environment (Compute + Applications) Flashcards

1
Q

What is a compute system?

A

device that runs business applications

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2
Q

What are the physical components of a compute system?

A

memory
internal storage
processors
I/O devices

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3
Q

What are the logical components of a compute system?

A

OS
device drivers
logical volume manager
file system

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4
Q

What are modern apps deployed on?

A

compute clusters

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5
Q

What is a compute cluster?

A

group of two or more compute systems that function together - logically viewed as single system

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6
Q

What are the benefits of a compute cluster?

A

high availability + balancing workloads

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7
Q

What are the types of compute systems?

A

Tower
Rack
Blade

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8
Q

What are the characteristics of a tower system?

A

similar to desktop cabinet - typically have individual endpoints and take up a lot of floor space/complex cables

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9
Q

What are the characteristics of a rack system?

A

multiple enclosures in a single rack - stacked vertically with simple cabling and reduced floor space

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10
Q

What are the characteristics of a blade system?

A

several blade servers installed in a single chassis - also called modular servers - minimizes floor space and increases system density/scalability - more energy efficient

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11
Q

What is a blade server?

A

printed circuit board with core processing parts - memory, network controller, storage drive, IO card/ports, memory

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12
Q

What is virtualization?

A

allows creation of virtual compute systems called VMs - achieved through a hypervisor (virtualization software)

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13
Q

What is the point of a hypervisor?

A

allocates virtual hardware resources to all the VMs - enables multiple OS to run on single compute system by abstracting physical resources from the OS/apps

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14
Q

What is a VM?

A

a logical entity that appears to OS as a single physical compute system with its own hardware components - all VMs share same underlying physical hardware of server

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15
Q

What are the characteristics of VM?

A

VMs are all isolated from each other - apps running on different VMs don’t clash w/ each other - also helps w/ fault tolerance

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16
Q

What is a virtual machine manager (VMM)

A

abstracts physical hardware and presents it to the VM - each VM is assigned a VMM

17
Q

What is a compute system that has a hypervisor running on it called?

A

a host machine

18
Q

What is a VM running on a host machine called?

A

a guest machine

19
Q

What is the OS installed on a guest machine called?

A

a guest OS

20
Q

What is a configuration file in the context of a VM?

A

store the VMs configuration data (VM name, location, CPU size, etc.)

21
Q

What is a virtual disk file in the context of a VM?

A

store the content of the VM’s disk drive (VM can have multiple VD files - each appears as separate disk to VM)

22
Q

What is a memory state file in the context of a VM?

A

stores the memory contents of a VM - used to resume VM in a suspended state

23
Q

What is a log file in the context of a VM?

A

used to keep record of VM’s activity - often used for troubleshooting

24
Q

What are the typical virtual components of a VM?

A

USB Controller
GPU
RAM
Storage
Peripherals
HBA
Processor

25
Q

What is containerization?

A

OS level virtualization that simplifies app deployment - requires fewer resources than VM

26
Q

What are the benefits of containerization?

A

delivers microservices with portable/isolated virtual environments for apps
can run app microservices without interference
bundles apps w/ software libraries they depend on which makes apps portable
defines deployment standard for modern cloud apps

27
Q

What are the main characteristics of containers?

A

shared OS
Small image footprint (MB)
quick start times
stateless
easily transportable

28
Q

What are the main characteristics of VMs versus containers?

A

separate OS
large image footprint (GB)
full boots
stateful
not easily portable

29
Q

What is desktop virtualization?

A

technology that decouples OS/apps/user state from physical computer to create VDI environment to be accessed from different client devices

30
Q

What are the benefits of desktop virtualization?

A

simplified desktop infrastructure management
improved data protection and compliance
flexibility of access

31
Q

What is a traditional application?

A

designed for desktop first than extended to other devices - often require separate interfaces based on device types - monolithic with tightly coupled code in a single package - very manual management

32
Q

How do traditional applications scale?

A

through stateful design approach - monolithic architecture that is vertically scaled

33
Q

What are the availabilty requirements for traditional apps?

A

rely on highly available infrastructure with redundant components and automated recovery

34
Q

What are cloud native applications?

A

consist of business parts known as microservices - assembled w/ specific rules and best practices - require modern infrastructure platform

35
Q

What are the benefits of cloud native applications?

A

enable delivery of services in hours not weeks
support predictive algorithms and can dynamically scale out

36
Q

What is application virtualization?

A

decouples application from underlying compute OS and hardware - enables app to be used on server without installation

37
Q

What are the benefits of application virtualization?

A

simplified app deployment and management
eliminate OS modifications
resolve app conflicts and compatibility issues
simplified OS image management
flexibility of app access

ISM v5 (32 decks)

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