module 3 - lecture 8 Flashcards
somatic motor division pathway - corticospinal pathway
voluntary movement, Information flow away from CNS (efferent/motor)
two neurons between the brain and the effector. (UPPER motor neuron -cell body in motor cortex) ( LOWER motor neuron - cell body in the spinal cord).
Effextor = skeletal muscle.
Somatic Sensory Division
Pathway - spinothalamic pathway
Things we are aware of ( somatic sensory)
Afferent information flows towards the CNS.
Three neurons between sensation in body and awareness in the brain
SENSORY neuron - in dorsal root ganglion (axon goes into spinal cord)
RELAY NEURON #1 - cell body in brainstem
RELAY NEURON #2 - synapses in brain, somatosensory cortex.
Cerebrum (AKA cerebral cortex)
Divided into two sides (right and left)
called HEMISPHERES. Each hemisphere divided into lobes Frontal, Parietal, Occipital and Temporal.
frontal lobe
front of brain - language, personality and emotions. our motor control.
parietal lobe
top of brain - somatosensory
occipital lobe
back of brain - vision
temporal lobe
bottom left - memory and hearing.
cerebellum
co-ordination and balance - right at bottom.
central sulcus
between the parietal lobe and the frontal lobe.
Pre-central gyrus (side closest to frontal) primary MOTOR CORTEX.
Post-central gyrus (side cloest to parietal) primary SOMATOSENSORY CORTEX.
the brainstem
Three regions
1. Midbrain
2. Pons
3. Medulla oblongata
* Functions that we are not aware of
* Contains axons passing down to the spinal
cord and up from the spinal cord to the brain
bones of the skull
cranium and facial skeleton
bones of the cranium
- Seven (7) are externally visible
1. FRONTAL (one of them)
2. PARIETAL (2 of them, 1 on each side)
3. OCCIPITAL (1 of them)
4. TEMPORAL (2 of them, 1 on each
side)
5. SPHENOID (one of them)
One (1) is only visible internally
1. ETHMOID (one of them
bones of the facial skeleton
zygomatic (2)
Maxillary (2)
Mandible (1)
meninges
Protective coverings for the brain
three layers - 1. dura mater, 2. arachnoid and 3. pia mater
dura mater
tough mother
dense and fibrous - tough
two layers 1. outer and 2. inner.
Inner layer forms the dural folds
- separate the major divisions of the
brain (e.g between the
hemispheres)
acrahnoid
second layer
spider-like appearance
contains subarachnoid space
contains blood vessels (within the
subarachnoid space, lying on top of pia mater)
pia mater
in contact with the brain.
2. Transparent and delicate
3. Blood vessels in the arachnoid sit on top of the pia mater
4. Adheres to the brain and follows gyri and extends into sulci.
The Ventricular System and
Cerebrospinal Fluid. three features.
- Network of interconnected “spaces” (= ventricles) within the brain
- Filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which nourishes and protects the brain
- Spaces lined with ependymal cells, which circulate the CSF (waving cilia)
blood supply to the brain
Internal carotid arteries (R&L)
* Provides blood to anterior 2/3 of brain
Basilar artery
* Blood supply to posterior 1/3 of brain
blood supply to the brain
Internal carotid arteries (R&L)
* Provides blood to anterior 2/3 of brain
Basilar artery
* Blood supply to posterior 1/3 of brain
