module 2 - gait cycle

Question 1

two key phases

Answer 1

1. Stance phase
   * Heel strike
2. Swing phase
   * Toe off

Question 2

early stance: heel strike - right leg

Answer 2

Hip
* In flexion - extension
* Concentric: posterior: gluteus maximus, hamstrings. (Eccentric: iliopsoas)
Knee
* Extension (locked for stability)
* Isometric: Quadriceps femoris AND hamstrings, gastrocnemius
Ankle
* Dorsiflexion (stable – best bony congruence) but moving into plantarflexion
* Concentric: posterior: triceps surae
* (Eccentric: tibialis anterior – controlling rate of foot drop to ground)

Question 3

mid stance- right leg

Answer 3

• Hip
• SAME
• Moving into extension
• Concentric: posterior: gluteus maximus, hamstrings
• (Eccentric: iliopsoas)
• Knee
• Moving from extension to slight flexion
• Concentric: posterior: hamstrings, gastrocnemius
• Ankle
• Moving into plantarflexion
• Concentric: posterior: triceps surae

Question 4

late stance - right leg

Answer 4

• Hip
• SAME
• In extension
• Concentric: posterior: gluteus maximus, hamstrings
• (Eccentric: iliopsoas)
• Knee
• Moves from slight flexion into extension (as ankle moves
  into full plantarflexion)
• Concentric: anterior: Quadriceps femoris
• Ankle
• SAME
• In full plantarflexion
• Concentric: posterior: triceps surae (strong for propulsion)

Question 5

early swing: toe off - left

Answer 5

• Hip
• In extension but moving into flexion
• Concentric: anterior: iliopsoas, rectus femoris
• (Eccentric: gluteus maximus, hamstrings to control rate
  of swing)
• Knee
• In flexion
• Concentric: posterior: hamstrings, gastrocnemius
• Ankle
• In dorsiflexion (to allow clearance of the toes during
  swing)
• Concentric: anterior: tibialis anterior

Question 6

mid swing - left

Answer 6

• Hip
• (SAME)
• Moved further into flexion
• Concentric: anterior: iliopsoas
• (Eccentric: gluteus maximus, hamstrings to control rate of
  swing)
• Knee
• (SAME)
• In flexion
• Concentric: posteiror: hamstrings, gastrocnemius
• Ankle
• (SAME)
• In dorsiflexion (to allow clearance of the toes during swing)
• Concentric: anterior: tibialis anterior

Question 7

late swing - left

Answer 7

• Hip
• (SAME)
• Moved further into flexion
• Concentric: anterior: iliopsoas, rectus femoris
• (Eccentric: gluteus maximus, hamstrings to control rate of
  swing)
• Knee
• In flexion but moving into extension (to prepare for heel strike and knee locking for stability)
• Concentric: anterior: quadriceps femoris
• Ankle
• In dorsiflexion (for most stable joint position for heel strike)
• Concentric: anterior: tibialis anterior
• Isometric: triceps surae (to keep ankle stable)