module 2 - muscles

Question 1

concentric action

Answer 1

• Shortening * Role: agonist *

Question 2

eccentric action

Answer 2

Lengthening * Role: antagonist

Question 3

isometric action

Answer 3

Maintaining length * Role: synergist/stabiliser

Question 4

trapezius

Answer 4

Posterior, large diamond shape
Attachments: Base of skull vertebrae, clavicle and scapula
Multiple parts: upper middle lower different directions.

Question 5

Pectoralis minor

Answer 5

Anterior
Attachments: Ribs (3-5, anterior) * Scapula (coracoid process)
If it contracts, it will move the scapula Anteriorly.
What is this movement called? * Protraction

Question 6

deltoid

Answer 6

Lateral * Triangular
Multiple parts * Anterior, middle (lateral), posterior * Different direction
Attachments: * Scapula (posterior), clavicle (anterior) converse to the humerus (deltoid tuberosity)

Question 7

Pectoralis Major

Answer 7

Anterior
Attachments: * Clavicle, sternum, ribs * Humerus (lateral shaft)

Question 8

bicpes brachii

Answer 8

Anterior * ‘Two-heads’
Attachments: Scapula (supraglenoid tubercle, coracoid process) - Radius (radial tuberosity)

Question 9

triceps brachii

Answer 9

Posterior * “three heads”
Attachments * Scapula (infraglenoid tubercle), humerus (upper, and lower shaft) ! ulna (olecranon process)

Question 10

supinator

Answer 10

Anterior, proximal
Attachments: * Humerus (lateral) - * Radius and Ulna (medial, supinator crest)
During pronation these muscles are twisted around the radius
When they contracts, they “unwind” the radius = supination

Question 11

pronator teres

Answer 11

Anterior, proximal
Attachments: humerus (medial) – radius

Question 12

pronator quadratus

Answer 12

Anterior, distal
Attachments: ulna ! radius

Question 13

flexor muscle groups

Answer 13

Attach humerus
Flexor carpi radialis * Flexor carpi ulnaris - metacarpals/carpals * Palmaris longus - palmar aponeurosis

Question 14

extensor muscles

Answer 14

Superficial posterior forearm
Attach: humerus (lateral epicondyle) – metacarpals
* Extensor carpi radialis longus * Extensor carpi radialis brevis * Extensor carpi ulnaris

Question 15

ilopsoas

Answer 15

Anterior
* Psoas major & iliacus
* Attachments:
* Vertebral column & ilium ! Femur
(lesser trochanter)
* Function: Hip flexion

Question 16

rectus femoris

Answer 16

Anterior
* Part of quadriceps femoris muscle
group
* Attachments:
* Ilium ! quadriceps tendon
(patella, tibia)
* Functions: Hip flexion

Question 17

Gluteus maximus

Answer 17

• Posterior
• Quadrangular, large muscle
• Attachments**:
• Ilium (posterior gluteal surface) !
  Femur (gluteal tuberosity)
• Functions: Hip extension

Question 18

hamstrings

Answer 18

Three muscles
* Biceps femoris (BF)
* Semitendinosus (ST)
* Semimembranosus (SM)
Attachments:
* Ischium (tuberosity) - Head of
fibula (BF) OR medial tibia (ST, SM)
functions - hip extension and knee flexion, Hip lateral rotation (BF), Hip medial rotation (ST, SM)

Question 19

quadriceps femoris

Answer 19

Anterior to knee
4 muscles
Rectus femoris (RF), Vastus lateralis (VL), Vastus medialis (VM), Vastus intermedius (VI)(deep)
Attachments
* Ilium (RF), Femur (VL, VM, VI) - Quadriceps tendon - patella - tibia (tuberosity)
* Functions: Knee extension

Question 20

gastrocnemius

Answer 20

• Posterior to knee
• Two heads (medial, lateral),
  superficial
• Attachments:
• Femur (condyles) - calcaneal
  tendon (- calcaneus)
• Functions: Knee flexion

Question 21

tibialis anterior

Answer 21

• Anterior
• Superficial
• Attachments
• Tibia (lateral) and interosseous
  membrane - Tarsals (inferior,
  medial) and metatarsal 1 (base,
  great toe)
  Functions: Dorsiflexion (flexion)
• Foot inversion

Question 22

triceps surae

Answer 22

• Posterior
• Three muscles
• Gastrocnemius*
• Soleus*
• Plantaris
• Attachments**:
• Femur (G), Tibia (S) - calcaneal
  tendon (- calcaneus)
• Functions: Plantarflexion (extension)