module 2 - joints

Question 1

sternoclavicular (SC)

Answer 1

Medial. Sternum – Clavicle
Structural: Synovial * Functional (shape): Plane joint * Movements: Sliding/gliding
Between pectoral girdle (UL) & axial skeleton, Acts as strut/brace to support UL movement

Question 2

Acromioclavicular (AC)

Answer 2

Lateral. Scapula – clavicle
Structural: Synovial, Functional (Shape): Plane joint * Movements: Sliding/gliding. Stabilises scapula to allow movement of UL

Question 3

glenohumeral

Answer 3

Scapula (glenoid fossa) - Humours (head)
Structural: synovial, Functional (Shape): ball and socket, Movements: F, E, Ab, Ad, Rot. Large ROM – important for moving the UL in the environment
Stabilised by: Joint capsule, ligaments, muscles
Commonly dislocated (inf/ant)

Question 4

humeroradial

Answer 4

Humerus (capitulum) - Radius (head)

Question 5

Humeroulnar

Answer 5

Humerus (trochlear) - Ulna (trochlear notch)
Structural: Synovial * Functional (Shape): Hinge * Movements: Flexion, Extension * Medial & lateral ligaments prevent Ab/Ad

Question 6

Proximal radioulnar joint

Answer 6

Radius (head) - Ulnar (radial notch)
Structural: synovial * Functional (Shape): pivot * Movements: Pronation/supination * Not part of elbow joint

Question 7

Distal radioulnar joint

Answer 7

Radius (ulnar notch) - Ulnar (head)
Structural: synovial * Functional (Shape): pivot * Movements: Pronation/supination * Not part of elbow joint * Interosseous membrane. (actively transfers forces from the radius to the ulna.)

Question 8

radiocarpal

Answer 8

Radius (distal end) – carpals (proximal row) * Structural: synovial * Functional (Shape): ellipsoid * Movements’ F/E, Ab/Ad * NO rotation * Movement of the hand in space

Question 9

intercarpal

Answer 9

Proximal palm * Between carpals * Structural: synovial * Functional (Shape): plane * Movements: Sliding/gliding * Allows shape of palm to adjust to finger movement * Limited by intercarpal ligaments

Question 10

Carpometacarpal (CMC)

Answer 10

Distal palm * Carpals (distal row) ! metacarpals (bases) * Structural: synovial * Functional (Shape): plane * Movements: Sliding/gliding * *specialized 1st CMC * Movement range limited by ligaments

Question 11

Metacarpophalangeal

Answer 11

Palm to fingers * “knuckles” (head) * Metacarpal (head) ! proximal phalanx (base) * Structural: synovial * Functional (Shape): ellipsoid * Movements: F/E, Ab/Ad * Movement of fingers in space, gripping

Question 12

Interphalangeal joints (IP)

Answer 12

• Proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP) * Proximal phalanx (head) - middle phalanx (base) * Distal interphalangeal joint (DIP) * Middle phalanx (head) ! distal phalanx (base) * Structural: synovial * Functional (shape): hinge * Movements: Flexion/extension * Thumb = one IP joint (proximal ! distal phalanx)

Question 13

hip joint

Answer 13

Femur (head) - hip bone (acetabulum)
Functional (shape)= ball and socket,
Large ROM – shape
Stable for weight bearing
- High bony congruence/contact. Lots of bone-touching. Help stabilise.
- Labrum -
- Joint capsule & thickening ligaments

Question 14

knee joint

Answer 14

Femur (condyles)- tibia (tibial plateau
Functional (shape): condylar * Movements = flexion, extension and rotaion (in flex)
Low stability: low bony congruence. Ligaments