module 3 - lecture 7 Flashcards
central nervous system
brain, spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Peripheral nerves & ganglia
Sensory (= afferent = ascending)
Information that goes INTO the brain
Example: Sense something in the environment (afferent)
Motor (= efferent = descending)
Response that comes OUT OF the brain
Example: Respond to it with appropriate action (efferent)
Somatic
= the stuff we are aware of, have control over
Voluntary muscle control
- SOMATIC MOTOR (efferent)
Ø Sensory information we are aware of
- SOMATIC SENSORY (afferent)
Autonomic
= the stuff we are not aware of, have no control over
Ø Involuntary muscle control
- AUTONOMIC MOTOR (efferent)
Ø Sensory information that we don’t know about
- AUTONOMIC SENSORY (afferent)
neurons
- Specialised for carrying neural information
- Information carried in the form of electrical signals inside the cell
Gilia
- Provide protection and support for neurons
i. Provide nutrient supply to neurons
ii. Repair damaged nervous system tissue
iii. Make the myelin sheath - Circulate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
anatomy of a neuron
- Dendrites [2 features]
i. Receive input
ii. Send info to cell body - Cell body [2 features]
i. Contains nucleus & organelles
ii. Processes incoming information - Axon [2 features]
i. Carries electrical impulses
ii. May or may not be myelinated - Axon terminal(s) [2 features]
i. End (terminus) of the axon
ii. Place where information is
passed to next cell in line
glial cells
astroctyes, microgilia, ependymal cells and oligodendrocytes
astrocytes
Supply nutrients to neurons
* Ensheath blood capillaries
* Injury response
microglia
Immune cells of the CNS
* Engulf microorganisms and debris
free
free
ependymal
- Line fluid-filled spaces of brain and
spinal cord - Circulate CSF
oligodendrocytes
Make myelin sheath in CNS
schwann cells
- Make the myelin sheath
* Necessary for FAST movement of
electrical impulses down the axon
myelin sheath
lipid wrapped around axon
Where does it come from
* Made by oligodendrocytes in the CNS
* Made by Schwann cells in the PS
increases the speed of electrical impulses travelling down the axon
stimulus - response
axon have electrical impulse
the synapse
- The location where information is transmitted from one neuron to another cell.
NEUROTRANSMITTER is released from the upstream neuron’s axon terminals
2. The chemical diffuses across the gap, toward the downstream cell
3. When it gets to the downstream neuron, it binds to receptors on its dendrites à initiates electrical impulse
neuromuscular junction
A special type of synapse between a neuron and a skeletal muscle cell.
