Module 3 - Health Promotion Flashcards
Individual-Focused Perspectives
Theory of planned behavior
Transtheoretical model (stages of change)
Theory of planned behavior
states that individual behavior is influenced by beliefs, attitudes, behavior, and intent
Transtheoretical model (stages of change)
Precontemplation
Contemplation
Preparation
Action
Maintenance
Termination
Lalonde Report (1974)
shift from biomedical to health promotion approach
included 4 determinants of health
behavioral model –> victim blaming
address individual risk factors
Alma Ata (1978)
address health inequities b/w high and low-income countries
health for all by 2000
expanded DOH to include socioenvironmental factors
WHO Principles of Health Promotion (1984)
build healthy public policy
develop personal skills
create supportive environments
support community action
Ottawa Charter (1986)
expanded the determinants of health
included 5 action strategies to promote health
Epp Report (1986) challenges
1) reduce health inequities between low/high income groups
2) increase prevention efforts
3) enhance coping skills
Ottawa Charter 5 Actions
“blue crabs sing dank raps”
1) building healthy public policy
2) creating supportive environments
3) strengthen community action
4) develop personal skills
5) reorient health services
Epp 3 mechanisms
1) self care
2) mutual aid
3) create healthy environments
Population Health Model Components
What = determinants of health
Who = client (individual, family, etc)
How = Ottawa Charter 5 strategies
Stage: Precontemplation
not thinking about it at all
Stage: Contemplation
considering action in next 6 months
Stage: Preparation
preparing for action in next 30 days
Stage: Action
have taken action in the last 6 month
Stage: Maintenance
have maintained change for over 6 months
Stage: Maintenance
have maintained change for over 6 months
Stage: Termination
no longer have temptation. permanent behavior
Community-focused perspectives
1) Diffusion of innovation
2) Community mobilization framework
Diffusion of innovation (5) categories
innovators
early adopters
early majority
late majority
laggards
Diffusion of innovation (6) conditions
“cruel fiends really singe asses cruelly”
1) compatibility
2) flexibility
3) reversibility
4) simplicity
5) advantageousness
6) cost-efficiency
Community Mobilization (3) approaches
1) social planning
2) locality development
3) social action
Public Policy frameworks
1) Milio’s framework
2) Weiss framework
3) Health impact assessment
Milio’s four elements
See icy igloos chill
1) social climate**
2) influence
3) interests
4) capacity
Milio’s main players
policy holders
policy influencers
public
media
3 Health Promotion Approaches
1) biomedical (pathophysiology)
2) behavioral (lifestyle choices)
3) socioenvironment (determinants of health)
Biomedical appraoch
curative/rehabilitative treatment
disease prevention –> reduce risk factors (primary, secondary, tertiary)
Behavioral approach
lifestyle changes to promote health
address behavioral risk factors aka “lifestyle choices”
ex: social marketing, health campaigns, education
Socioenvironmental approach
health is a resource
identifies/address psychosocial/environmental risk factors
Health Promotion
focuses on social determinants of health
increase client control over health
reduce health inequities between populations
Empowerment
actively engage client to take more control over their life
political efficacy, improved quality of life, social justice
Change Theory
change and improvement are not mutually inclusive but change is a necessary pre-req for improvement
provide a model to predict individual behavior to guide nursing action
Challenges
consciousness raising –> raise awareness on the benefits of change
Constructs
situational self-efficacy
Temptations
how to positively cope without moving backwards
Decisional balance
consider pros/cons of changing behavior
Health Impact Assessment
inform decision making around public policy
evaluate the health impact (+/-) of different policies on populations
Who coined the term healthy public policy?
Milio
Milio’s development process
initiation
action
implementation
evaluation
reformulation
Health Impact Assessment 6 Steps
screening
scoping
assessment
recommendation
reporting
monitoring/evaluation
CHN & Public Policy
advocate for policy
support community action
advocate for change
Lalonde 4 DOH
human biology
physical environment
lifestyle behaviors
healthcare system
Significance of Alma Ata
introduced social determinants of health
intersectoral collaboration (interventions required o/s the health sector)
primary health care systems
Build Healthy Public Policy means
legislation
fiscal measures
taxation
organizational change
Create supportive environments means
emphasis on sustainability
work, leisure, life patterns
Strengthen community action means
community empowerment
setting priorities, making decisions, planning, implementation
Community development
draws on human/material resources to enhance self-help/support.
strengthen public participation
Develop personal skills means
information
education
enhancing life skills
Reorient health services means
primary healthcare > primary care
health research
changes in education/training
