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BSNC 4000 > Mental Health Medications > Flashcards

Mental Health Medications Flashcards

1
Q

Anxiolytic drugs

A

benzodiazepines
nonbenzodiazepines
atypical antipsychotics (second gen)
pindolol
buspirone

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2
Q

Adverse effects of benzodiazepines

A

habit forming
sedation –> increased accidents
tolerance
amnestic effects
impaired psychomotor speed
not for long-term use

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3
Q

Common benzodiazepines

A

Chlordiazepoxide (Librium)
Diazepam (Valium)
Lorazepam (Ativan)
Flurazepam (Dalmane)
Oxazepam (Serax)
Clonazepam (Rivotril)

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4
Q

Common non-benzodiazepines

A

Buspirone
Zolpidem

treat anxiety w/o CNS depression. low risk for abuse/withdrawal

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5
Q

Buspirone

A

controls anxiety symptoms
no effect on panic disorders/OCD
DOES NOT CAUSE SEDATION

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6
Q

Zolpidem

A

sleep medication

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7
Q

SSRI

A

paroxetine
citalopram
fluoxetine
sertraline
escitalopram
fluvoxamine

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8
Q

SNRI

A

venlafaxine
duloxetine
desvenlafaxine

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9
Q

Benzodiazepine MOA

A

increases GABA ion channel opening
increases amount of GABA –> reduce post-synaptic neuron firing

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10
Q

Buspirone MOA

A

block 5HT receptors @ the pre/postsynaptic neurons
does not affect GABA –> no sedative, muscle relaxant or anticonvulsant properties

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11
Q

Z-drugs

A

used to treat insomnia
zopiclone
eszopiclone
zaleplon
zolpidem

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12
Q

Typical antipsychotics

A

haloperidol
chlorpromazine
thioridazine
**greater risk of EPS side effects

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13
Q

Atypical antipsychotics

A

clozapine
risperidone
olanzapine
quetiapine
ziprasidone
aripiprazole
paliperidone
lurasidone
iloperidone
asenapine

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14
Q

Types of typical antipsychotics

A

phenothiazines
dibenzoxazepines
dihydroindolones

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15
Q

Phenothiazines typical antipsychotics

A

chlorpromazine
thioridazine
mesoridazine
fluphenazine
perphenazine
trifluoperazine

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16
Q

Thioxanthenes typical antipsychotic

A

thiothixene

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17
Q

Dibenzoxazepines typical antipsychotic

A

loxapine

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18
Q

Dihydroindolones typical antispychotic

A

molindone

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19
Q

Anticholinergic side effects

A

dry mouth
constipation
urinary hesitancy/retention
vaginal dryness
blurred vision
dry eyes
nasal congestion
confusion/decreased memory

20
Q

Anticholinergics

A

benzotropine (used for EPS)
trihexyphenidyl
biperiden

21
Q

Antihistamines

A

diphenhydramine (H1 receptor antagonist)

22
Q

Mood stabilizers

A

Lithium
Carbamazepine
Lamotrigine
Oxcarbazepine
Valproic acid
Divalproex sodium
Quetiapine
Gabapentin
Topiramate

23
Q

Lithium dose

A

300 mg BID/TID

24
Q

Lithium ranges

A

Fraser health: 0.6-0.8 mmol/L
>1 = toxic
0.8-1.4 mEq/L for mania
0.4-1. mEq/L for maintenance

25
Q

Lithium excretion

A

100% excreted in the kidneys
lithium is a SALT. reabsorption increases in states of dehydration

26
Q

Lithium toxicity S/S

A

flu-like symptoms
arrhythmia
coarse tremor
seizures
coma
myocarditis
severe diarrhea
vomiting
drowsiness
muscular weakness
lack of coordination

27
Q

Typical antipsychotics & schizophrenia

A

used to treat positive symptoms

28
Q

Atypical antipsychotics & schizophrenia

A

used to treat positive AND negative symptoms

29
Q

Serotonin antagonists

A

trazadone
nefazodone

30
Q

Atypical antipsychotic protoypte

A

Clozapine

31
Q

SSRI prototype

A

Fluoxetine

32
Q

SNRI protoype

A

Venlafaxine

33
Q

Typical antipsychotic side effects

A

weight gain
EPS

34
Q

Typical antipsychotic MOA

A

block dopamine receptors in the limbic system (strong D2 affinity)
effective against positive symptoms of schizophrenia

35
Q

Atypical antipsychotic MOA

A

block dopamine/serotonin receptors in the limbic, cortex, niagra strital pathways
effective against positive/negative sx of schizophrenia

36
Q

Atypical antipsychotic side effects

A

weight gain
elevated glucose
elevated lipids

37
Q

Which atypical antipsychotic requires regular blood work

A

clozapine
can cause agranulocytosis

38
Q

Monitoring guidelines for antipsychotics

A

vital signs (postural BP, HR)
behaviors
weight
glucose
cholesterol
EKG
CBC (WBC, neutrophils)
EPS symptoms
anticholinergic effects

39
Q

Antipsychotic serious adverse effects

A

EPS
tardive dyskinesia
QTc prolongation
prolactin elevation
sexual dysfunction
agranulocytosis
neuroleptic malignant syndrome
orthostatic hypotension (d/t a1 antagonism)
anticholinergic side fx
agranulocytosis/leukopenia/neutropenia
metabolic syndrome (weight gain, diabetes, dyslipidemia, DKA, CVD)

40
Q

Dystonia

A

severe muscle spasm
tongue, neck, eyes, torso, legs
may impair breathing

41
Q

EPS Treatment

A

benztropine
diphenhydramine
lorazepam (dystonia, akathisia)

42
Q

Serotonin syndrome

A

caused by multiple serotonergic agents
delirium, agitation, fever, sweating, tremor, diarrhea, uncoordinated myoclonus, hyperreflexia, hypertension, tachycardia, death

43
Q

Serotonergic agents

A

antidepressants (MAOI, TCA, venalfaxine, St. John’s wort)
migraine medication - sumatriptan
other - linezolid, dextromethorphan, meperidine, tramadol, ondansetron

44
Q

Miscellaneous antidepressants

A

trazodone
mirtazapine
bupropion

45
Q

Benzodiazepine remedy

A

Flumazenil

46
Q

H1 receptor antagonist side effect

A

sedation

47
Q

Serious antipsychotic side effects

A

neuroleptic malignant syndrome
seizures
agranulocytosis
death
hypersensitivity
tardive dyskinesia

BSNC 4000 (9 decks)

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