Module 3

Question 1

What is scientific misconduct?

Answer 1

Fabrication, falsification, or plagiarism, in proposing, performing or reviewing research or results

Question 2

What are the areas of Scientific Dishonesty?

Answer 2

1. Plagiarism
2. Fabrication and falsification
3. Non-publication of data
4. Faulty Data Gathering Procedures
5. Poor Data Storage
6. Misleading Authorship
7. Failing to disclose conflicts of interest

Question 3

What is plagiarism?

Answer 3

Using ideas, writings, and drawings of others as your own.

Question 4

How do you paraphrase?

Answer 4

1. Restate in your own words
2. Chang key words and sentence structure

Question 5

What is fabrication and falsification?

Answer 5

Fabrication - Making up data
Falsification - Altering data

Question 6

When do fabrication and falsification usually happen?

Answer 6

When a couple more subjects are needed

Question 7

What is nonpublication of data?

Answer 7

1. Also known as cooking data
2. Throwing out data to match your hypothesis

Question 8

What are outliers?

Answer 8

Measurements that are way out of line with the rest of the data

Question 9

What are faulty data-gathering procedures?

Answer 9

1. Using malfunctioning equipment
2. Continuing data collection if a participant is not meeting requirements
3. Incorrectly recording data
4. Treating participants inappropriately

Question 10

How do you avoid poor data storage/retention?

Answer 10

1. Determine how long the data should be kept (at least 3 years)
2. Determine who owns the data (institution or professor)
3. Separate informed consent from data
4. Remove identifiers from data

Question 11

What is misleading authorship?

Answer 11

Assigning authorship to a person who does not deserve it

Question 12

Who does authorship go to?

Answer 12

Those who contribute directly to planning the study, interpreting the results, and writing the paper.

Question 13

What does failing to disclose conflicts of interest mean?

Answer 13

Not revealing relationships that could bias the research.
(Ex: not disclosing that the research was funded by a company)

Question 14

What are the consequences of scientific misconduct?

Answer 14

1. Loss of job
2. Rank reduction
3. Promotion freeze
4. Salary freeze

Question 15

What are the causes of scientific misconduct?

Answer 15

1. Pressure to publish
2. Need to complete graduate work
3. Desire to continue funding
4. Desire for academic rewards