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Research Methods Test 1 > Descriptive Research > Flashcards

Descriptive Research Flashcards

1
Q

What does descriptive research do?

A
  1. Describes a phenomena
  2. Provides characteristics of a group at one point in time
  3. Attempts to gather data
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2
Q

What does descriptive research NOT do?

A
  1. No experimental manipulation
  2. No cause and effect
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3
Q

What kind of data is collected?

A

Attitudes, thoughts, behaviors, physical attributes, etc.

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4
Q

What are the different experimental variables and give examples.

A
  1. Demographic Variables
    a. Age, gender, ethnicity
  2. Anthropometric Variables
    a. Height, weight, BMI
  3. Physiological Variables
    a. Strength, power, amount of physical activity
  4. Psychological
    a. Depression, anxiety
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5
Q

What are the different types of descriptive research?

A
  1. Survey
  2. Correlational
  3. Case Study
  4. Developmental
  5. Observational
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6
Q

What are the two types of survey research?

A

Questionnaires and interviews

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7
Q

What kind of information does survey research provide?

A

Information about knowledge, activities, attitudes and behaviors

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8
Q

Describe questionnaires.

A
  1. series of (usually) close-ended questions
  2. Administered to many participants at one time
  3. Preferred if an already valid and reliable questionnaire is used
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9
Q

What needs to be considered when developing a questionnaire?

A
  1. Consider your population (age, education, reading level)
  2. Order of questions (ease the in)
  3. Only use necessary questions
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10
Q

What are the pros and cons of an open-ended questionnaire?

A

Pros: easy to write, can find themes
Cons: difficult to analyze, lower response rate

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11
Q

What are the pros and cons of an closed-ended questionnaire?

A

Pros: Easy to analyze, higher response rate
Cons: Difficult to write

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12
Q

What are Likert Scales?

A

Closed-ended questions that have an answer continuum.

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13
Q

What are even numbered likert scales also called?

A

Forced choice

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14
Q

True or False?
Longer questionnaire have higher response rates.

A

False.

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15
Q

What is the ideal questionnaire time?

A

About 10 minutes.

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16
Q

What is a Pilot Study?

A

A trial study used to revise the questionnaire.

17
Q

How many Pilot Studies should you do and why?

A
  1. Two trials
  2. one with experts for content validity and one with a small sample of population for understanding
18
Q

What is a cover letter/email used for?

A

To convince the audience to complete the survey

19
Q

What does a cover letter/email need?

A
  1. Who you are
  2. Questionnaire purpose
  3. Informed consent
  4. Assurance of autonomy and confidentiality
  5. A return date
  6. Estimate of how long the questionnaire takes
20
Q

Why do researchers use follow-up procedures?

A
  1. Increase response rates
  2. Reminder to complete survey
21
Q

Describe interviews.

A
  1. used for more detailed information
  2. Administered to one or few participants
  3. Open-ended questions
  4. Can be (semi) structured
22
Q

What is the purpose of correlational research.

A
  1. Describe relationships between variables
  2. Know the magnitude (how much one affects the other) and direction (inversely or directly related)
23
Q

True or False?
Correlation does not mean causation.

A

True.

24
Q

What is the purpose of case studies.

A
  1. Usually has a lot of information about a single person or situation
  2. Used often in AT, PT, and OT
  3. Common with rare conditions
25
Q

What is the purpose of developmental research?

A
  1. Looks at changes in behavior over time
  2. Shows the effects of growth, maturation and environment
  3. IV is usually age
26
Q

What are the common designs of developmental research?

A
  1. Longitudinal (Cohort)
  2. Cross-sectional
27
Q

Describe developmental longitudinal research.

A

Lasts over a long period of time

28
Q

Describe developmental cross-sectional research.

A
  1. Study several age groups at one time
  2. Less time needed
29
Q

What is the main issue with developmental cross-sectional studies?

A

History because the same factors may not be affecting the different ages the same.

30
Q

Describe observational research.

A
  1. Researcher observes participants behaviors
  2. Researcher documents behaviors
31
Q

What is the best way to be accurate when doing observational research?

A

Observations must be systematic
1. Define the behavior
2. Observe specific points in time
3. Observe from specific locations

32
Q

What are some concerns about observational research?

A
  1. The hawthorn effect (people act differently when they know they’re being watched)
  2. Objectivity (training the observers if there is more than one)

Research Methods Test 1 (10 decks)

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