Module 1 Flashcards
Intro to Research
True or False?
Research is looking up information and fact-finding.
False.
What is the definition of research?
a careful, objective, systematic, and structured process for solving problems or answering questions.
What is the first step in answering questions?
identifying a question or problem
What are the characteristics of research?
Systematic, logical, empirical, reductive, replicable, and objective
What does systematic mean?
There is a method, plan, or system
What does logical mean?
You have clear and sound reasoning
What does empirical mean?
It is based on research or observation, not only theory or pure logic
What does reductive mean?
Making a complex subject into a simple, less detailed form
What does replicable mean?
Someone else can do the research/experiment/study over again
What does objective mean?
It is clear what the research is trying to achieve
What does deductive mean?
Making general assumptions and coming to a specific answer
What does inductive mean?
Making specific assumptions that lead to a general conclusion
What are the steps of the Scientific Method?
- Understanding the problem
- Identifying a research question
- Formulating a hypothesis
- Planning methodology for the study
- Collecting Data
- Analyzing Data
- Interpreting and discussing results
- Deriving conclusions
What is an independent variable?
What the researcher wants to study; the thing being changed
What is the dependent variable?
What the researcher wants to measure; the thing being affected
What is a hypothesis?
an educated guess of the outcome of a study
What is research design?
The number of groups or tests
What is research protocol?
What the participants will be expected to do
What is an apparatus?
The equipment or instruments used in data collection
What is internal validity?
there is cause and effect; the changes that were measured in the dependent variable are directly related to the manipulation of the independent variable
What is external validity?
The results of the study can be generalized to the population represented by the participants in the study
How should data be collected?
Using the same procedures and participants receiving the same instructions
What are the different types of research?
- Basic vs. Applied
- Quantitative vs. Qualitative
- Experimental vs. Non-experimental
What is basic research?
Research conducted for the sole purpose of discovering something new
What is applied research?
Research conducted to find a solution to a specific problem
What is quantitative research?
Dependant variables are numerical
What is qualitative research?
Dependant variables are non-numerical
What is experimental research?
Research that establishes cause and effect
What is non-experimental research?
descriptive research, correlational research, and analytic research
What are the unscientific methods of problem-solving?
Tenacity (superstitions), intuition (common sense), authority, and rationalistic method (faulty reasoning)
