module 3 Flashcards
Edward Osborne Wilson
first to say “biodiversity”
what is ecosystem diversity?
what is species diversity?
what is genetic diversity?
a) the variety of habitats present
b) a measure of the # of species and # of individuals of each species
c) total amoint of genetic variablilty present
Taxonomy
practice of classifying organisms into a ladder
taxis = arrangement
nomos = law
Nomenclature
latin words
nomen= name
calare = to call
phylogenetics
study of evolutionary history or relationships of organisms
how was the ladder of taxonomy made?
if you could move or not
Carolus Linneius
swedidh botonist who loved classification (he was the OG of classification)
what system of classification did Carolus come up with
7 levels
1 imperuim (empire)
2 regnum (kindom)
3 classis (class)
4 ordo (order)
5 genus
6 species
7 variety
what 3 traits do all mamals have
hair - (warmth and sensory)
mammary glands - (sweat and milk)
3 ear bones - (sound to brain process)
all rodent have 1 common trait. What is it?
dentition highlt specialized for gnawing
ernst haeckel
added 3rd kindom
added protista
eduard chatton
added 4th kindom
added monera
robert whittaker
added 5th kingdom
added fungi
carl woese
divided monera into bacteria, archea, and eukarya
membrane lipids in bacteria
ester-linked unbranched
membrane lipids in archea
ester-linked branched
peptidoglycans
composed of carbohydrates cross-linked by peptides (2 or more amino acids linked in chain)
what are the rules to the binomial nomenclature system?
-each type of organism has only 1 name
-no type kinds of organism can have the same name
made by carolus linneaus
name the 3 types of mammal;s (class mammalia)
placentals (eutheria) uterus
marsupials (metatheria) pouch
monotremes (prototheria) eggs
what is a holotype?
name-bearing type of a species when it was established
there is a holotype for each species
what is an Allotype
a specimen of opposite sex to the holotype
what is a Paratype
specimens of the type series other than the holotype
What are “species” ?
Organisms classified based on their appearance (observable
phenotypes) = the morphological species concept
Morphology =
outward appearance
but its hard sometimes
who was Theodosius Dobzhansky
american geneticist
proposed that: each species is reproductively isolated from other species
Prezygotic reproductive barriers
1) habitat isolation
2) temporal isolation - diff time of year
3) behavioural isolation - not sexy
4) mechanical isolation - pp is smol
5) gamete isolation - die before gro
Postzygotic reproductive barriers
1) hybrid inviability - stay kid 4evr
2) hybrid sterility - cant have kid
3) hybrid breakdown - kid is weak/infertile
