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Medical Terminology > Module 3 > Flashcards

Module 3 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Integ/o

A

To cover

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2
Q

Integument?

A

Covering membrane of the body

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3
Q

Metrics of the skin?

A

More than 3000 square inch of surface area; up to 6 lbs.

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4
Q

Functions of the skin (4)?

A

Protect the body,
regulate temperature ,
sense the surrounding environment, secretion

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5
Q

Ways that the skin exhibit protection (4)?

A

-Protects deeper tissue from pathogens
-prevent mechanical injury & excessive water loss
- store both food and water
-guard body from excessive UV rays from the sun.

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6
Q

Ways the skin regulate temperature rises?

A
  • blood vessels in the dermis dilate when temperature rises, which allows more blood to be brought to skin and heat radiate out of skin.
  • sweat glands will secrete more sweat to cool body.
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7
Q

Ways skin regulate temperature drops?

A

Blood vessels in the dermis constrict, keeping blood closer to the core of the body and converse more body heat.

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8
Q

How the skin practices sensation?

A

Skin sense environment through nerve endings that sense pain, touch, heat, cold, and pressure.
- nerve travels to the brain and provoked a response to the signal.

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9
Q

How the skin exhibits secretion?

A

Secretes substances through sweat and sebaceous glands

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10
Q

Two types of glands on the skin?

A

Sebaceous glands and sweat glands

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11
Q

Purpose of sweat glands? What is sweat made out of?

A

Cool the body
- water, salt, and waste

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12
Q

Purpose of sebaceous glands?

A

Secrete sebum to protect skin from dehydration.

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13
Q

Layers of the skin?

A

Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous layer (hypo dermis)

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14
Q

What are the 5 layers of the epidermis?

A

Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum germinativum

can lemurs get some bamboo

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15
Q

What epidermis layer are new skin cells generated?

A

Stratum germinativum

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16
Q

What epidermis layer is melanocytes found?

A

Stratum germinativum

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17
Q

Function of Stratum germinativum

A

-
-Site where basal cells exhibit mitosis to create keratinocytes to be pushed to upper layers of the epidermis
- melanocytes create melanin to be carried through melanosomes
- contain merkel cells which aid in the nervous system.

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18
Q

Function of Stratum spinosum?

A

-Contain keratin cells pushed from the germinativum layer.
-Contain Langerhan cells which function to protect the skin from invading pathogens

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19
Q

Cells that attack foreign invaders in the epidermis?

A

Langerhan cells ( found in the Stratum spinosum)

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20
Q

Function of Stratum granulosum and lucidum

A

Contain keratin cells

  • lucidum layer only in thick skin areas; contain thin clear protein (eleidin protein)
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21
Q

Function of Stratum Corneum?

A

Superficial layer that is made of dead cornified keratin skin cells.

Functions to protect the deeper layers.

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22
Q

What is keratin?

A

Protein that help cells be tough and water resistant

  • forms hair, nails, and the thick skin of the palms and soles
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23
Q

Function of the dermis layer

A

Protects deeper layers, Thermo regulation, and aids in sensation.

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24
Q

What is dermis layer made out of?

A
  • connective tissue
    -also nerve, nerve endings , blood vessels, sebaceous and sweat glands, elastic fibers, hair follicles and lymphatics
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25
Q

7 types of skin lesions

A

Macule
Wheal
Papule
Vesicle
Pustule
Ulcer
Fissure

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26
Q

Definition of macule and example?

A

Flat discolored spot on the skin

Ex. Mole

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27
Q

Definition of wheal and example

A

Localized temporary elevation of the skin that is itchy and irregular.

Ex. Hives or urticaria

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28
Q

Definition of papule and example?

A

Solid, confined and elevated area in the skin.

Ex. Pimple

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29
Q

Definition of vesicle and example?

A

Small fluid filled sac

Ex. Blister

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30
Q

Definition of pustule and example?

A

Small elevated confined lesion filled with pus.

Ex. Pimple

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31
Q

Definition of ulcer?

A

Erosion or eating away of healthy tissue.

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32
Q

Definition of fissure?

A

Crack like slit that extends through the epidermis into the dermis.

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33
Q

Parts of the hair?

A

Hair follicle
Hair root
Hair shaft
Arrector pili muscle

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34
Q

Hair root

A

Embedded into the hair follicle

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35
Q

Hair shaft

A

Part of the hair that is visible

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36
Q

Arrector pili muscle function?

A

Attaches to the hair follicle and keeps hair erect.

  • the muscle contracts when the skin is cooled; goosebump reaction.
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37
Q

Changes to hair with age?

A

Less melanin, thinning on scalp, texture.

Male: more hair in ears, nose, and eyebrow

Female: hormonal changes that can increase facial hair.

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38
Q

What is the nail made up of?

A

Hard keratin that covers ends of hair and toes.

Nail made up of nail body and nail root

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39
Q

Terms pertaining to the nail (6)?

A

Nail body
Nail bed
Nail root
Eponychium
Lunula
Free edge

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40
Q

Nail body

A

Visible portion of the nail and covers the part of epidermis called the nail bed.

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41
Q

Nail bed

A

Epithelial tissue located deep to the nail body.

Pink in color due to blood vessels in this tissue

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42
Q

Nail root

A

Fold of epithelial tissue that is not visible

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43
Q

Eponychium

A

Small portion of epithelial fold that extends over the base of the nail body.

Cuticle

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44
Q

Lunula

A

Area at the base of the nail body that is lighter than the rest; due to compressed blood vessels by the nail body.

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45
Q

Free Edge

A

Top of the nail body

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46
Q

Description of the sebaceous gland?

A

-Oil secreting glands
-Opens into the hair follicle and secretes sebum, which lubricates hair and skin

-Amount of sebum Varys due to age, disease, puberty and pregnancy

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47
Q

Two types of sweat glands

A

Merocrine glands and Apocrine glands

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48
Q

Where does merocrine glands secrete?

A

Directly to the skin surface
-prevalent on sole of feet and palms of the hand

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49
Q

Where does apocrine glands secrete?

A

Into the hair follicles located in the axillae, nipples, and the groin

  • begins during puberty
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50
Q

BCC

A

Basal cell carcinoma

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51
Q

BX

A

Biopsy

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52
Q

C&S

A

Culture and Sensitivity

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53
Q

Decub

A

Decubitus ulcer

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54
Q

Derm

A

Dermatology

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55
Q

HSV

A

Herpes Simplex Virus

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56
Q

I & D

A

Incision and Drainage

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57
Q

ID

A

Intradermal

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58
Q

MM

A

Malignant melanoma

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59
Q

PPD

A

Purified protein derivative

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60
Q

SCC

A

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

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61
Q

SG

A

Skin Graft

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62
Q

STSG

A

Split Thickness Skin Graft

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63
Q

Subq

A

Subcutaneous

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64
Q

Abrasion

A

Skin injury that scrapes away surface of skin

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65
Q

Abscess

A

Collection of puss in the skin

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66
Q

Albinism

A

Genetic condition where there is partial or complete absence of pigment in skin, hair and eyes.

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67
Q

Anhidrosis

A

Condition where pt is unable to sweat

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68
Q

Autograft

A

Graft taken from one part of the pt body and transferred to another part.

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69
Q

Avulsion

A

Part or structure of the body has been forcibly torn off body

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70
Q

Biopsy

A

Surgical procedure to remove part of tissue for further evaluation under a microscope.

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71
Q

Bulla

A

A large blister

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72
Q

Cauterization

A

Intentional destruction of tissue by a caustic chemical, electric current, laser, or freezing

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73
Q

Cyst

A

Fluid filled sac in the skin

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74
Q

Chemabrasion

A

Removal of superficial layer of skin using chemicals

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75
Q

Comedo

A

Blackhead

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76
Q

Contusion

A

Blunt trauma to the skin that results in bruising without a break in the skin

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77
Q

Cryosurgery

A

Use by extreme cold to freeze and destroy tissue

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78
Q

Culture and Sensitivity

A

Lab test used to determine specific bacteria causing an infection and it’s sensitivity to antibiotics

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79
Q

Debridement

A

Removal of foreign material dead and/or damage tissue from a wound.

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80
Q

Dehiscence

A

Complication of wound healing where edge of wound reopen and separate

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81
Q

Dermabrasion

A

Scraping the skin with sandpaper or rotating wire brushes

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82
Q

Erythema

A

Redness of the skin

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83
Q

Eschar

A

Scab, slough

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84
Q

Exudate

A

Oozing of pus or serum

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85
Q

Keloid

A

A thick and raised scar caused by excessive collagen formation

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86
Q

Laceration

A

Wound in the skin with a jagged edge, typically caused by trauma

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87
Q

Lesion

A

General term for Abnormality in the skin

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88
Q

Necrosis

A

Area of tissue death

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89
Q

Nevis

A

Pigmented skin blemish, birthmark, or moles

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90
Q

Nodule

A

Solid or raised area of skin cells

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91
Q

Onychia

A

Inflamed nail bed

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92
Q

Petechiae

A

Flat pinpoint purplish spots from bleeding that is underneath the skin

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93
Q

Pruritus

A

Severe itching

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94
Q

Purpura

A

Bruises that occur in older adults with thin easily damaged skin.

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95
Q

Pyogenic

A

Producing pus

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96
Q

Seborrhea

A

Oil discharge from sebaceous gland

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97
Q

Skin graft

A

Transfer of healthy skin to cover another damaged area.

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98
Q

Trichophagia

A

Hair eating

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99
Q

Urcticaria

A

Skin eruption of pale reddish wheals, with severe itching

Also called hives

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100
Q

Ungal

A

Pertaining to the nail

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101
Q

Acr/o

A

Extremity

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102
Q

Aden/o

A

Gland

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103
Q

Albin/o

A

White

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104
Q

Ang/i

A

Vessel

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105
Q

Caus/o

A

Burn/burning

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106
Q

Cellul/o

A

Little cell

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107
Q

Cutane/o

A

Skin

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108
Q

Derm/a

A

Skin

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109
Q

Dermat/o

A

Skin

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110
Q

Erythr/o

A

Red

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111
Q

Follicul/o

A

Little bag

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112
Q

Hidr/o

A

Sweat

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113
Q

Icter/o

A

Jaundice

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114
Q

Integument/o

A

A covering

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115
Q

Kel/o

A

Tumor

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116
Q

Kerat/o

A

Horn

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117
Q

Leuk/o

A

White

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118
Q

Melan/o

A

Black

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119
Q

Myc/o

A

Fungus

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120
Q

Oncych/o

A

Nail

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121
Q

Pachy/o

A

Thick

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122
Q

Pedicul/o

A

A louse

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123
Q

Plak/o

A

Plate

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124
Q

Prurit/o

A

Itching

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125
Q

Rhytid/o

A

Wrinkle

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126
Q

Scler/o

A

Hardening

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127
Q

Seb/o

A

Oil

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128
Q

Therm/o

A

Hot; heat

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129
Q

Trich/o

A

Hair

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130
Q

Vuls/o

A

To pull

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131
Q

Xanth/o

A

Yellow

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132
Q

Xer/o

A

Dry

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133
Q

Acne

A

Inflammation of the sebaceous gland and hair follicles that result in pustules and papules.

  • common in teenagers
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134
Q

Acne rosacea

A

Chronic acne in adults

  • red rash, tiny pimples, and broken blood vessels develop
  • typically on cheeks and nose
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135
Q

Alopecia

A

Loss of hair

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136
Q

Alopecia areata

A

Hair loss in defined patches

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137
Q

Androgenic alopecia

A

Hair loss resulting from aging

-begins in frontal area of the scalp and proceeds toward the back

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138
Q

Basal cell carinoma

A

Skin cancer in the epidermis

  • very common and mainly results from sun exposure

-typically does not metastasize

139
Q

Burns and 6 types of burns

A

Tissue injury from:
heat
fire
chemicals
electricity
lightning or
radiation being applied to skin

140
Q

1st degree burn?

A

Affects the epidermis and results in erythema without blisters

141
Q

2nd degree burn?

A

Affects the epidermis and into the dermis; causes blisters

142
Q

3rd degree burn?

A

Extends through the epidermis, dermis and underlying tissue.

-will require intensive treatment and possibly skin graft

  • not painful since nerve endings are damaged.
143
Q

Name for the 3 degrees of burns?

A

1st: superficial burn
2nd: partial thickness burn
3rd: full thickness burn

144
Q

Cellulitis

A

Acute diffuse inflammation of the skin and subcutaneous tissue

  • caused by bacterial infection that can gain access to skin
  • appears painful red and swollen
145
Q

Decubitus ulcer

A

Ulcer formed due to prolonged pressure that obstructs blood flow.

146
Q

Ecchymosis

A

Bruising
- trauma and creates a black and blue appearance of the skin from blood collecting under the skin.

147
Q

Eczema

A

Acute or chronic inflammatory skin condition where the skin becomes red and itchy.

  • vesicles, papules, pustales, scales, and crusting can occur.
148
Q

Atopic dermatitis

A

Most common type of eczema; inflammation due to overactivity of immune system, rather than external factors.

Common in children

149
Q

Gangrene

A

Tissue necrosis caused by lack of blood supply

-can result in wound debridement, I’ve antibiotics, or even amputation

150
Q

Herpes simplex

A

Viral infection caused by the herpes virus type 1

  • causes blisters around the lips and the nose
151
Q

Herpes zoster

A

Viral infection caused by varicella zoster virus

  • occurs along a nerve root; blisters form along nerve of the skin
  • “shingles “
152
Q

Impetigo

A

Inflammatory skin disease where pustules and vesicles rupture and become crusted.

153
Q

Malignant melanoma

A

Aggressive skin cancer that originates in a melanocyte
- can metastasize

154
Q

Pediculosis

A

Infection by lice

  • eggs from lice are found at base of hair shaft
    -saliva from lice can cause a rash
155
Q

Psoriasis

A

Chronic inflammatory condition where crusty papules form patches on the skin;

patches have circular borders

156
Q

Scabies

A

Mite infection

  • mites burrow into the dermis and deposit eggs
  • causes inflammation, vesicles, and itching
157
Q

Squamous cell caronoma

A

Skin cancer starting in the epidermis
- can grow into deeper tissue and cause ulcers
- rarely metastasizes

158
Q

Tina corporis

A

Ringworm
- contagious fungal infection that results in scaling, discolored and well defined skin lesions that are itchy and appear in patches

159
Q

Family of fungi associated with Tina corporis?

A

Dermatophytes

160
Q

Tina pedis

A

Fungal infection of foot

161
Q

Tina capitis

A

Fungal infection of the scalp

162
Q

Varicella

A

Viral infection of herpes zoster

-Causes fever and headache
-associated with a skin rash of macules, papules, vesicles, and crusts

163
Q

Vitiligo

A

Skin condition where pigment of skin disappears

Melanocytes are attacked causing less pigmentation

164
Q

List of contagious skin disease

A

Impetigo
Tina corporis
Tina pedis
Tina capitus
Scabies
Varicella
Herpes zooster
Herpes simplex virus

165
Q

List of non contagious skin disorders

A

Psoriasis
Eczema
Vitiligo
Acne
Alopecia
Skin cancer

166
Q

List of viral skin disorders

A

Varicella
Herpes simplex
Herpes zoster

167
Q

List of fungus skin disorders

A

Tina corporis
Tina pedis
Tina capitis

168
Q

List of bacterial skin disorders

A

Cellulitis
Impetigo

169
Q

Vector skin disorders?

A

Scabies
Pediculosis

170
Q

Cancer skin disorders

A

Malignant melanoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Basal cell carcinoma

171
Q

Orthopedics

A

Medical specialty that focuses on the musculoskeletal system.

172
Q

How many’s bones does the human body have and what are bones made out of?

A

206 bones

25% water; 75% hard matter ( mainly calcium and phosphate)

173
Q

What are the functions of the bone?

A

-Framework
-Aid in movement
-Protection of internal organs
-Storage of minerals like calcium and phosphate
-site of blood formation

174
Q

What are the two divisions of the skeleton?

A

Axial and Appendicular skeleton

175
Q

What parts make up the axial skeleton? (4)

A

Skull, spine,ribs, and sternum

176
Q

What parts make up the appendicular skeleton? (6)

A

The shoulder girdle, arms, hands, pelvic girdle, legs and feet

177
Q

What are the five bone types by shape?

A

Long bones
Flat bones
Short bones
Irregular bones
Sesamoid bones

178
Q

Where are the long bones located? Example?

A

Arms and legs

Ex. Femur

179
Q

Where are the flat bones located? Example?

A

Shoulder, skull, ribs ; and part of the pelvis

Ex. Sternum or bones in the skull

180
Q

Where are short bones located? Example?

A

Fingers and toes

Ex. Carpal bones

181
Q

Where are irregular bones located? Example?

A

Spine and ear

Ex. Vertebrae

182
Q

Example of sesamoid bones?

A

Ex. Patella

183
Q

List the bones in the arm and hand

A

Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Carpal
Metacarpal
Phalanges

184
Q

List the bones in the leg and foot

A

Femur
Patella
Tibia
Fiblia
Tarsals
Metatarsals
Phalanges

185
Q

List the bones in the hip

A

Illium
Ischium
Pubis

186
Q

List the bones in the thoracic

A

Ribs
Sternum

187
Q

List the two major bones above the thoracic region

A

Clavicle
Scapula

188
Q

List the bones along the vertebrae

A

Cervical vertebrae
Thoracic vertebrae
Lumbar vertebrae
Sacrum
Coccyx

189
Q

What are the 3 accessories to the skeletal system?

A

Cartilage,tendons, ligaments

190
Q

Definition of cartilage

A

Fibrous connective tissue found at end of bone , in the joints, and the tube structure of the body, such as the larynx, air passage, and ears.

Acts as a shock absorber

191
Q

Definition of tendons

A

Fibrous cords that connect muscle to bone.

192
Q

Definition of ligaments

A

Fibrous tissue in bands or sheets that connect two or more bones, cartilages, and other structures.

-also helps to support the fascia and muscles

193
Q

3 functions of muscles? 3 types of muscles?

A

-enable body to move
-produce 85% of body heat
-maintain stability and posture

Skeletal, smooth, cardiac

194
Q

Definition of joints

A

Point where two or more bones connect

195
Q

What are the three parts of skeletal muscle?

A

Body, origin, and insertion

196
Q

Characteristic of fibrous joints and where it is found.

A

Provides no movement

Found between bones of the skull

197
Q

Characteristic of cartilaginous joints and where it is found.

A

Provides slight movement

Found between the vertebrae of the spine.

198
Q

Characteristic of synovial joints and where it is found.

A

Allows free movement in a variety of direction due to synovial fluid lubricating the joint .

Found at hips, knees, shoulders, elbows,wrist and ankles.

199
Q

Bending a limb

Ex. Elbow and knees

A

Flexion

200
Q

Straightening a flexed limb

Ex.elbow and knee

A

Extension

201
Q

Moving a body part in a circular motion

Ex.shoulder and hip

A

Circumduction

202
Q

Moving a body part away from the middle

Ex. Shoulder and hip

A

Abduction

203
Q

Moving a body part toward the middle

Ex. Shoulder and hip

A

Adduction

204
Q

Moving a body part forward

Ex. Jaw

A

Protraction

205
Q

Moving a body part backward

Ex. Jaw

A

Retraction

206
Q

Moving a body park around the central axis

Ex. C1 vertebrae

A

Rotation

207
Q

Bending a body part backward

Ex. Wrist and ankle

A

Dorsiflexion

208
Q

Turning the palm downward

Ex. Wrist

A

Pronation

209
Q

Turning the palm upward

Ex. Wrist

A

Supination

210
Q

Turning the sole outward

Ex. Ankle

A

Eversion

211
Q

Turning the sole inward

Ex. Ankle

A

Inversion

212
Q

AKA

A

Above the knee amputation

213
Q

BKA

A

Below the knee amputation

214
Q

CK

A

Creating Kinase

215
Q

C1,C2,etc

A

First cervical vertebrae, etc

216
Q

EMG

A

Electromyography

217
Q

Fx

A

Fracture

218
Q

IM

A

Intramuscular

219
Q

L1,L2,etc

A

First lumbar vertebrae, etc

220
Q

MRI

A

Magnetic resonance imaging

221
Q

NSAIDS

A

Non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs

222
Q

OA

A

Osteoarthritis

223
Q

ROM

A

Range of motion

224
Q

T1,T2,etc

A

First thoracic vertebrae, etc

225
Q

Arthr/o

A

Joint

226
Q

Burs/o

A

Bursa

227
Q

Carp/o

A

Carpus/wrist

228
Q

Chondr/o

A

Cartilage

229
Q

Clavicula/o

A

Clavicle/ collar bone

230
Q

Coccyg/o

A

Coccyx/tail bone

231
Q

Cost/o

A

Rib

232
Q

Crani/o

A

Skull

233
Q

Femor/o

A

Femur

234
Q

Fibul/o

A

Fibula (thin lower leg bone)

235
Q

Humer/o

A

Humerus

236
Q

Ili/o

A

Ilium ( bone in pelvis )

237
Q

Ischi/o

A

Ischium (bone in pelvis)

238
Q

Kryph/o

A

Hump

239
Q

Lord/o

A

Bent backward

240
Q

Mandibul/o

A

Mandible (Lower jaw)

241
Q

Maxill/o

A

Maxilla (Upper jaw )

242
Q

Metacarp/o

A

Metacarpus

243
Q

Metatars/o

A

Metatarsus (foot bone)

244
Q

Muscul/o

A

Muscle

245
Q

My/o

A

Muscle

246
Q

Oste/o

A

Bone

247
Q

Patell/o

A

Patella

248
Q

Phalang/o

A

Phalanges

249
Q

Pub/o

A

Pubus

250
Q

Radi/o

A

Radius

251
Q

Sacr/o

A

Sacrum

252
Q

Scapul/o

A

Scapula

253
Q

Scoli/o

A

Crooked/bent

254
Q

Spondyl/o

A

Vertebrae

255
Q

Stern/o

A

Sternum

256
Q

Tars/o

A

Tarsus

257
Q

Ten/o

A

Tendon

258
Q

Tendin/o

A

Tendon

259
Q

Tibi/o

A

Tibia (thicker lower leg bone)

260
Q

Uln/o

A

Ulna (part of forearm)

261
Q

Vertebr/o

A

Vertebra

262
Q

Agonist

A

Muscle that is the primary mover of a given movement

263
Q

Amputation

A

Surgical or traumatic removal of a limb, part, or other appendage

264
Q

Antagonist

A

Muscle that counteracts the action of another muscle

265
Q

Arthralgia

A

Joint pain

266
Q

Ataxia

A

Lack of muscle coordination

267
Q

Atonic

A

Lack of normal muscle tone

268
Q

Atrophy

A

The wasting away of muscle tissue that may be caused by lack of use or lack of nerve stimulation

269
Q

Brachyalgia

A

Pain in the arm

270
Q

Bradykinesia

A

Slowness of motion or movement

271
Q

Bursa

A

Pad like sac between muscles tendons and bones that is lined with synovial fluid and contains a fluid

272
Q

Calcaneal

A

Pertaining to the heel bone

273
Q

Carpal

A

Pertaining to the wrist bone

274
Q

Cast

A

Mechanical equipment that is hard and used to immobilize a fracture bone, dislocated joint, or sprain.

275
Q

Chondral

A

Pertaining to cartilage

276
Q

Clavicular

A

Pertaining to the clavicle or collar bone

277
Q

Coccygeal

A

Pertaining to the coccyx or tailbone

278
Q

Contracture

A

Shortening of the muscle that is then resistant to stretching

279
Q

Dactylogram

A

A fingerprint

280
Q

Dislocation

A

Separation of the bone from the joint

281
Q

Dystonia

A

Impaired muscle tone

282
Q

Fixation

A

Process of holding or securing in a Fixed position

283
Q

Flaccid

A

Lacking muscle tone

284
Q

Hallux

A

The big toe

285
Q

Humeral

A

Pertaining to the humerus

286
Q

Iliac

A

Pertaining to the ilium

287
Q

Lliisacral

A

Pertaining to the illium and the sacrum

288
Q

Intercostal

A

Pertaining to the space between two ribs

289
Q

Ischial

A

Pertaining to the ischium

290
Q

Lumbar

A

Pertaining to the lower back

291
Q

Mandibular

A

Pertaining to the lower jaw

292
Q

Maxillary

A

Pertaining to the upper jaw

293
Q

Meniscus

A

Crescent shaped cartilage that is located in certain joints

Ex. Knee

294
Q

Myalgia

A

Pain the the muscle

295
Q

Osteogenesis

A

Formation of bone

296
Q

Pedal

A

Pertaining to the foot

297
Q

Radial

A

Pertaining to the radius

298
Q

Spinal

A

Pertaining to the spine

299
Q

Symphysis

A

A form joint made of cartilage

300
Q

Synergist

A

The muscle that acts alongside another muscle to produce movement

301
Q

Tibial

A

Pertaining to the tibia

302
Q

Ulnar

A

Pertaining to the ulna

303
Q

Xiphoid

A

The xiphoid process is the lowest portion of the sternum, it is cartilage that is shaped like a sword.

304
Q

Arthritis

A

Inflammation of the joint

  • can result from injury
305
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis

A

Destruction of the joint caused by a person’s own immune system

306
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

Inflammation of joint that results from general use of the joint as the body ages

307
Q

Bursititis, tendinitis, fascititis, myositis

A

Inflammation of bursa, tendon, fascia, muscle

308
Q

Carpal tunnel syndrome

A

Compression of the medial nerve that does underneath a ligament that connects the carpal bones

  • common with pts who use hands alot
309
Q

Symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome

A

Pain, soreness, tenderness, weakness, numbness, and tingling

310
Q

Genu valgum

A

Abnormal connection where ankles are far apart and knees are together

“Knock-knee”

311
Q

Genu varum

A

Legs are bowed so that knees are far apart when the child stands

Ex. Bow leg

312
Q

Gout

A

Disease where pt develops pain in the small joints of the hand and feet due to deposits of Kroc acid crystals in the joints

313
Q

Abnormal curves of the spine (3)?

A

Kyphosis, lordosis, scoliosis

314
Q

Kyphosis

A

Exaggerated curve at the thoracic portion of the spine, producing a hunchback appearance

315
Q

Lordosis

A

Exaggerated curve of lumbar that pushes the abdomen and buttock out

316
Q

Scoliosos

A

Abnormal lateral curve of the spine

317
Q

Cancers that originate in the bones/muscle (4)?

A

Myeloma
Myoma
Myosarcoma
Osteosarcoma

318
Q

Tumor of bone marrow

A

Myeloma

319
Q

Malignant tumor of the bone

A

Osteosarcoma

320
Q

A tumor of the muscle

A

Myoma

321
Q

Malignant tumor of the muscle tissue

A

Myosarcoma

322
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

Inflammation of the bone and bone marrow caused by infection from a pathogen

323
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Condition where bone density decreases

  • causes bone fragility; leads to weakness and increase in fractures
  • common in post menopausal women
324
Q

Fracture

A

Break in bone due to trauma or disease

325
Q

Closed or simple fracture

A

Fracture where there is no break in Skin

326
Q

Open or compound fracture

A

Fracture that do cause break in skin

  • can cause infection or bleeding
327
Q

Comminuted fracture

A

When bone is shattered

328
Q

Transverse fracture

A

A break in the shaft of the bone

329
Q

Compression fracture

A

When two bones are pressed together

330
Q

Greenstick fracture

A

A break in half of the shaft of a bone

331
Q

Epiphyseal fracture

A

Break in the growth plate at the end of a long bone

332
Q

Why are greenstick and epiphyseal fractures more common in children?

A

Bones are more flexible and not fully calcified

333
Q

Open reduction internal fixation procedure

ORIF

A

Surgical repair of a severe fracture

334
Q

The process of ORIF

A

Fracture is reduced or put back in place in a open incision made by surgeon then fixed with hardware (screw or plates) .

-hardware can be left temporarily or permanently

335
Q

Muscular dystrophy

A

Group of genetic diseases that causes progressive weakness and degeneration

336
Q

Artheocentesis

A

Surgical procedure to remove fluid in a joint

337
Q

Arthroscopy

A

Surgical procedure to examine inside of joint with a camera

338
Q

Arthroplasty

A

Surgical procedure to repair a joint

-ex. Hip arthroplasty

339
Q

Bone marrow transplant

A

Surgical procedure wheee bone marrow is taken from a donor and placed into a pt.
Can be used to treat blood cancers

340
Q

Craniectomy

A

Surgical excision of a portion of skull

341
Q

Craniotomy

A

Surgical incision made into the skull

342
Q

Laminectomy

A

Surgical excision of a portion of the vertebrae

343
Q

Spondylosyndesis

A

“Spinal binding”
- surgical procedure where two vertebrae are fused together. This results ina loss of movement between the vertebrae.

  • common treatment for back pain caused by intervertebral disc injury

Medical Terminology (13 decks)

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