Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Medical Terminology > Module 2 > Flashcards

Module 2 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

homeostasis

A

A state of equilibrium that is maintained in the bodies, internal environment to support and sustain life.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are two examples of homeostasis?

A

The body’s production of insulin and the adjustment of body temperature.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is anatomical terminology?

A

Terms that are used to describe the human body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What do anatomical terms describe?

A

Specific locations, positions or directions of the human body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are three examples of anatomical terms?

A

Anterior posterior superior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the terminology breakdown and definition of anatomy?

A

Ana- apart
Tome- to cut

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are cells?

A

The basic building blocks of the human body there are several different cells in the human body, and each has a specific purpose.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the eight organizational levels of the human body in order?

A

Atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, and organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are three examples of atoms?

A

Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are three examples of molecules?

A

Sugars, proteins, and water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are three examples of organelles?

A

Mitochondria nucleus and ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are three types of cells?

A

Epithelial cell, nerve cell and muscle cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are four examples of tissues?

A

Epithelial tissue, nervous tissue, muscle tissue and connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are three examples of organs?

A

Lungs brain stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are four examples of organ systems?

A

Respiratory system, nervous system digestive system, and circulatory system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are three examples of organisms

A

Human organism, elephant organism , lion organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the definition of tissue?

A

A grouping of similar cells that work together to perform a specialized function.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the four types of tissue found in the human body?

A

Epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are epithelial tissue?

A

Forms the outer surfaces of the body and line the body cavities as well has the tubes that leads to the exterior of the body .

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are six of the functions of epithelial tissue?

A

Protection, sensation, secretion, absorption ,excretion, and diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How does epithelial tissue perform protection?

A

Protects the outer skin by forming a physical barrier over underlying tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How does epithelial tissue function sensation?

A

Forms specialized cells in the skin, eyes, ears, nose, and tongue to help the body interprets sensory stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How does epithelial cells function in secretion?

A

Secretes substances, such as hormones, enzymes, and lubricating fluid via various glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How does epithelial cells function absorption?

A

Lines the small intestine and aid the body in absorbing nutrients from food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

How to epithelial cells function in excretion?

A

Excrete waste products in the kidneys and sweat from the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

How do epithelial cells function in diffusion?

A

Found in the lungs and capillaries where diffusion of gases liquids and nutrients occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is connective tissue?

A

Builds the support for the bodies organs and muscles sheaths and also connects muscles to bones and bones to joints. It is the most abundant tissue in the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the function of muscle tissue?

A

Forms the muscles throughout the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are the three types of muscle tissue?

A

Skeletal muscle, smooth muscle and cardiac muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the function of the skeletal muscle?

A

Voluntarily controlled and is used by the body for movement and posture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is smooth muscle?

A

Involuntary muscle and is found in organs such as the esophagus, stomach intestine and bladder. It is not under conscious control, and is controlled by the autonomic nervous system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is cardiac muscle?

A

Found in the heart and is involuntary and controlled by the autonomic nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is the function of nervous tissue?

A

Functions to communicate throughout the body. Nerve cells are excitable and can conduct electricity. nervous tissue coordinates and controls the functions of the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What are organs?

A

Structures in the body that perform specific purposes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What are body systems?

A

Group of different organs functioning together for a common purpose.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Function of the Integumentary System?

A

Protective membrane, temperature, regulator, and sensory receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Function of skeletal system

A
  • framework and movement
    -Shape, support, protect and storage place for minerals. Makes movement possible
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Function of the muscular system?

A

-Framework and movement
- produce movement, maintain posture and produce heat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Function of the nervous system?

A

-Communication and control
-transmits impulses, respond to change , responsible for communication and exercises control over all parts of the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Function of the endocrine system?

A

-communication and control
- glands produce hormones, chemical messengers, that provide communication and control throughout the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Function of the cardiovascular system?

A

-Transportation and immunity
-transport oxygen and carbon dioxide, delivers nutrients and hormones and removes waste products.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Function of the blood and lymphatic system?

A

-Transportation and immunity
-transport oxygen and carbon dioxide, chemical substances and cells that act to protect the body from foreign substances. Stimulates immune response, protects the body, and transports proteins and fluids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Function of Respiratory system?

A

-Distribution and elimination
-furnishes oxygen for use by individual tissue cells and removes their gaseous waste products, carbon dioxide.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Function of digestive system?

A

-distribution and elimination
-digestion, absorption, and elimination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Function of the urinary system?

A

-distribution and elimination
-produces urine, transport and eliminates urine
The kidneys help maintain electrolyte, water, and acid-base balance in the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Function of Reproductive system?

A

-Cycle of life
-responsible for sexual characteristics of a male and/or female. Proper functioning insured survival of the human race

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What are the characteristics of anatomical position?

A
  • body standing upright
  • head facing forward
  • arms extended by side of body
  • the palms facing frontward
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Left and right view?

A

Left and right are based on the subject’s point of view rather than from the Point of view of the observer.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

What is a body plane?

A

Imaginary sections used to describe the location of body part and study the human body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

What are the 4 types of body planes?

A

Sagittal,
midsagittal,
transverse/horizontal,
frontal/coronal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Describe the sagittal plane

A

Divides the body or structure vertically into left and right sections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Describe the midsagittal plane

A

Divides body or structure into equal left and right halves at the midline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Describe the transverse/horizontal plane

A

Divides the body or structure into superior and inferior sections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Describe the coronal/ frontal plane

A

Divides the body into anterior and posterior section
- right angle to the midsagittal plane

55
Q

Definition of superior?

A

Above, in an upward direction, toward the head.

56
Q

Example of superior direction?

A

The neck is superior to the abdomen

57
Q

Definition of inferior (infer/o)?

A

Below, in a downward direction ; more toward the feet

58
Q

Example of inferior direction

A

The feet is inferior to the abdomen

59
Q

Definition of anterior (anterior/o)

A

In front of, before, the front side of the body

60
Q

Definition of posterior (poster/o)?

A

Toward the back, the backside of the body

61
Q

Example of anterior direction

A

The nose is located on anterior side of head

62
Q

Example of posterior direction

A

The buttock is on posterior side of the body

63
Q

Definition of cephalic (cephalic/o)?

A

Pertaining to the head, superior in position

64
Q

Example of cephalic direction

A

-Collar bone is cephalic to the sternum.
-when a fetus has a cephalic presentation at birth, it means that any part of the head is the presenting part.

65
Q

Definition of Caudal (caud/o)?

A

Pertaining to the tail, inferior in position

66
Q

Example of caudal direction?

A

-The cauda equine is a specific part of the spinal cord that is located at the bottom
-sternum is caudal to the collar bone

67
Q

Definition of medial (medi/o)?

A

Nearest to the midline or middle

68
Q

Example of medial direction?

A

The umbilicus is in the medial area of the abdomen

69
Q

Definition of lateral (later/o)

A

To the side, away from the middle

70
Q

Example of lateral direction

A

The arms are lateral to the abdomen

71
Q

Definition of proximal (proxim/o)?

A

Nearest to the point of origin (point of attachment)

72
Q

Example of proximal

A

The elbow is proximal to the hand

73
Q

Definition of distal (dist/o)?

A

Away from the point of attachment , far from the point of origin

74
Q

Example of distal direction ?

A

The hand is distal to the elbow

75
Q

Definition of deep?

A

Further below the surface

76
Q

Example of deep direction

A

The deep fascia is a fibrous membrane that covers the muscles, nerves, and vessels

77
Q

Definition of superficial?

A

Nearer the surface

78
Q

Example of superficial direction

A

The superficial brachial artery is an artery in the arm that is above the medial nerve

79
Q

Body cavity

A

Hallow space that contain organs
- enclosed with membrane that are specific to the Cavity that they contain

80
Q

Cavities of the posterior side

A

Cranial cavity and spinal cavity

81
Q

Cavities of the anterior side

A

Thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity

82
Q

2 sections of thoracic cavity

A

Mediastinum and pleural cavity

83
Q

Describe the cranial cavity , how is it protected ?

A

Contains the brain; protected by the meninges and the skull

84
Q

Describe the spinal cavity ; how is it protected?

A

Contain the spinal cord; protected by the cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae and is also covered by the meninges

85
Q

What protects the thoracic cavity?

A

The ribs

86
Q

What organs are in the thoracic cavity?

A

Mediastinum: heart, trachea, esophagus, aorta , and thymus gland

Pleural cavities : lungs

87
Q

What membrane covers the pleural cavity?

A

Pleural

88
Q

What membrane covers the abdominopelvic cavity?

A

Peritoneum

89
Q

The layers that cover the viscera and the cavities

A

Visceral layer and parietal layer

90
Q

What organs are located in The abdominal cavity?

A

Stomach, liver , spleen, pancreas, small intestine, and most of the large intestine

91
Q

What organs are in the pelvic cavity?

A

Urinary bladder, ureters, urethra, and the last section of large intestine

92
Q

Organs of the pelvic cavity ?

A

Reproductive organs
Male: prostate glands, seminal vesicles, bulbourethral gland, and the vas deferens
Female: vagina, uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tube

93
Q

Structure that divides the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity

A

Diaphragm

94
Q

Name the 9 abdominal regions and locations

A

Right hypocho -epigastric- left hypocho

Right lumbar- umbilical- left lumbar

Right iliac- Hypogastric- Left iliac

95
Q

Connections in the abdominal regions

A

Right hypochondriac connects to the sternum via cartilage

Right iliac is near the groin

Right lumbar is near the waist

96
Q

What are the 4 clinical divisions of the abdominopelvic cavity?

A

Right upper quadrant
Right lower quadrant
Left upper quadrant
Left lower quadrant

97
Q

What organs are in the right upper quadrant?

A

Majority of the liver, right kidney, portion of large intestine, small portion of pancreas , gallbladder, and section of the small intestine.

98
Q

What organs are in the right lower quadrant?

A

Portion of the large intestine and small intestine, the right ureter, appendix, and female (right ovary and right fallopian tube)

99
Q

What organs are in The left upper quadrant?

A

Small portion of liver, the spleen, left kidney, stomach, majority of the pancreas , and portion of the small and large intestine.

100
Q

What organs are in the left lower quadrant?

A

Portion of the small and large intestine, left ureter and female( left ovary and left uterine tube)

101
Q

Purpose of body area terminology?

A

Helpful in describing specific areas of the surface of the body

102
Q

Abdomin/o + -al

A

Pertaining to the abdomen

103
Q

Ante- + cubit/o + -al

A

Pertaining to the front of the elbow

104
Q

Axillary

A

Underarm area

105
Q

Brachi/o + -al

A

Pertaining to the arm

106
Q

Cervic/o + -al

A

Pertaining to the neck

107
Q

Crani/o + -al

A

Pertaining to the skull

108
Q

Femor/o + -al

A

Pertaining to the femur/ thigh

109
Q

Genit/o + -al

A

Pertaining to the genitals

110
Q

Glute/o + -al

A

Pertaining to the buttock

111
Q

Inguin/o + -al

A

Pertaining to the groin

112
Q

The lower extremity

A

The entire leg

113
Q

Nas/o + -al

A

Pertaining to the nose

114
Q

Orbit/o + -al

A

Pertaining to the eye socket

115
Q

Or/o + -al

A

Pertaining to the mouth

116
Q

Ot/o + ic

A

Pertaining to the ear

117
Q

Palmar

A

The palm of the hand

118
Q

Patell/o + -ar

A

Pertaining to the knee caps

119
Q

Pelv/o + ic

A

Pertaining the the pelvis

120
Q

Plantar

A

Sole of the foot

121
Q

Popliteal

A

The area behind the knee

122
Q

Scapula/o + ar

A

Pertaining to the shoulder blade

123
Q

Stern/o + -al

A

Pertaining to the sternum

124
Q

Thorac/o + -ic

A

Pertaining to the chest/lungs

125
Q

Trunk

A

The torso (not including the arms and legs)

126
Q

Umbilical

A

The region around the naval

127
Q

Upper extremity

A

The entire arm

128
Q

Vertebr/o + -al

A

Pertaining to the spine

129
Q

Purpose of body position terminology

A

Describes the position of the body; frequently used in surgical positioning

130
Q

4 types of body position terminology

A

Prone, supine, lithotomy, Fowler

131
Q

Prone

A

Body positioned horizontally and face down; back oriented superiorly

132
Q

Supine

A

Body positioned horizontally and face up; back oriented inferiorly

133
Q

Lithotomy position

A

Supine position in which buttock is at end of examination table .
- hips and knees are flexed and feet are supported by stirrups
- frequently used in gynecological surgeries/exams

134
Q

Fowler position

A

Also called semi-recumbent position

Supine position ; but the head of the bed is elevated 45 degrees

Medical Terminology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions