module 28 intelligence asssessment & dynamics Flashcards
intelligence
the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations
general intelligence
according to Spearman and others, underlies all mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test.
fluid intelligence
our ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease with age, especially during late adulthood.
crystallized intelligence
our accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age.
Cattell Horn Carroll theory
the theory that our intelligence is based on g as well as specific abilities, bridged by Gf and Gc.
savant syndrome
a condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill, such as in computation or drawing
emotional intelligence
the ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions.
intelligence test
a method for assessing an individual’s mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others, using numerical scores
achievement test
a test designed to assess what a person has learned.
aptitude test
a test designed to predict a person’s future performance; aptitude is the capacity to learn.
mental age
a measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet; the level of performance typically associated with children of a certain chronological age. Thus, a child who does as well as an average 8-year-old is said to have a mental age of 8.
Stanford Binet
the widely used American revision (by Terman at Stanford University) of Binet’s original intelligence test.
intelligence quotient
efined originally as the ratio of mental age (ma) to chronological age (ca) multiplied by 100 (thus, IQ = ma / ca × 100). On contemporary intelligence tests, the average performance for a given age is assigned a score of 100
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
the WAIS and its companion versions for children are the most widely used intelligence tests; they contain verbal and performance (nonverbal) subtests.
standardization
defining uniform testing procedures and meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group.
normal curve
a symmetrical, bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many types of data; most scores fall near the mean (about 68 percent fall within one standard deviation of it) and fewer and fewer near the extremes. (Also called a normal distribution.
reliability
the extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, on alternative forms of the test, or on retestin
validity
the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to. (See also predictive validity.
predictive validity
the success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict; it is assessed by computing the correlation between test scores and the criterion behavior. (Also called criterion-related validity.)
cross-sectional study
longitudinal study
cohort
a group of people sharing a common characteristic, such as being from a given time period.
