module 28 intelligence asssessment & dynamics

Question 1

intelligence

Answer 1

the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations

Question 2

general intelligence

Answer 2

according to Spearman and others, underlies all mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test.

Question 3

fluid intelligence

Answer 3

our ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease with age, especially during late adulthood.

Question 4

crystallized intelligence

Answer 4

our accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age.

Question 5

Cattell Horn Carroll theory

Answer 5

the theory that our intelligence is based on g as well as specific abilities, bridged by Gf and Gc.

Question 6

savant syndrome

Answer 6

a condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill, such as in computation or drawing

Question 7

emotional intelligence

Answer 7

the ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions.

Question 8

intelligence test

Answer 8

a method for assessing an individual’s mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others, using numerical scores

Question 9

achievement test

Answer 9

a test designed to assess what a person has learned.

Question 10

aptitude test

Answer 10

a test designed to predict a person’s future performance; aptitude is the capacity to learn.

Question 11

mental age

Answer 11

a measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet; the level of performance typically associated with children of a certain chronological age. Thus, a child who does as well as an average 8-year-old is said to have a mental age of 8.

Question 12

Stanford Binet

Answer 12

the widely used American revision (by Terman at Stanford University) of Binet’s original intelligence test.

Question 13

intelligence quotient

Answer 13

efined originally as the ratio of mental age (ma) to chronological age (ca) multiplied by 100 (thus, IQ = ma / ca × 100). On contemporary intelligence tests, the average performance for a given age is assigned a score of 100

Question 14

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale

Answer 14

the WAIS and its companion versions for children are the most widely used intelligence tests; they contain verbal and performance (nonverbal) subtests.

Question 15

standardization

Answer 15

defining uniform testing procedures and meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group.

Question 16

normal curve

Answer 16

a symmetrical, bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many types of data; most scores fall near the mean (about 68 percent fall within one standard deviation of it) and fewer and fewer near the extremes. (Also called a normal distribution.

Question 17

reliability

Answer 17

the extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, on alternative forms of the test, or on retestin

Question 18

validity

Answer 18

the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to. (See also predictive validity.

Question 19

predictive validity

Answer 19

the success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict; it is assessed by computing the correlation between test scores and the criterion behavior. (Also called criterion-related validity.)

Question 20

cross-sectional study

Question 21

longitudinal study

Question 22

cohort

Answer 22

a group of people sharing a common characteristic, such as being from a given time period.