module 23 studying & encoding memories Flashcards
memory
the persistence of learning over time through the encoding, storage, and retrieval of information.
recall
a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier, as on a fill-in-the-blank test
recognition
a measure of memory in which the person identifies items previously learned, as on a multiple-choice test.
relearning
a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material again.
encode
the process of getting information into the memory system—for example, by extracting meaning
store
the process of retaining encoded information over time.
retrieve
the process of getting information out of memory storage.
parallel processing
processing multiple aspects of a stimulus or problem simultaneously
sensory memory
the immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
short term memory
briefly activated memory of a few items (such as digits of a phone number while calling) that is later stored or forgotten.
long term memory
the relatively permanent and limitless archive of the memory system. Includes knowledge, skills, and experiences
working memory
a newer understanding of short-term memory; conscious, active processing of both (1) incoming sensory information and (2) information retrieved from long-term memory.
explicit (declarative) memories
retention of facts and experiences that we can consciously know and “declare.” (Also called declarative memory.)
effortful processing
encoding that requires attention and conscious effort.
automatic processing
unconscious encoding of incidental information, such as space, time, and frequency, and of familiar or well-learned information, such as sounds, smells, and word meanings.
