Module 23- GI Anatomy

Question 1

Appendix

Answer 1

• No known function
• Removal places the patient at no great health risk
• If infected, the consequences can be deadly

Question 2

What are common symptoms with GI disorders?

Answer 2

• Abdominal pain
• Diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting
• GERD (Gastroesophageal reflex disease)

Question 3

What are some risk factors?

Answer 3

• Age, previous illnesses or surgery, family history, medications
• Alcohol consumption, smoking, and ilicit drug use (alcohol breaks down mucosal barrier to acid and smoking increases gastic acid secretion)

Question 4

Mouth

Answer 4

• Saliva: helps to lubricate the food
• Mastication: chewing

Question 5

Esophagus

Answer 5

• Peristalsis
• Portal vein

Question 6

Portal Vein

Answer 6

• Intertwined around the esophagus are veins that drain into an even more complex series of veins
• Ultimately join together to form portal vein
• Transports venous blood from the GI tract directly to the liver for processing of nutrients

Question 7

Stomach

Answer 7

• Hydrochloric acid
• Pyloric sphincter
• Chyme

Question 8

Cardiac Sphincter

Answer 8

• At the junction of the esophagus and stomach. Controls the amount of food that moves back up the esophagus. Get its name from people who regurgitation of acid and feel they are having a MI

Question 9

Hydrochloric Acid and Pepsin

Answer 9

• Helps break down food in stomach
  Stomach contract churning the acid and food together

Question 10

Pyloric sphincter

Answer 10

• Opening at the inferior portion of the stomach

Question 11

Chyme

Answer 11

• Material that exits the pyloric sphincter

Question 12

Small Intestine

Answer 12

• Duodenum
• Pancreas
• Liver
• Bile
• Jejunum
• Ileum

Question 13

Duodenum

Answer 13

• Where the pancreas, liver, and gallbladder connected to digestive system
• Beginning of the small intestines an active stage of absorption

Question 14

Pancreas

Answer 14

• Secretes several enzymes into the duodenum to assist with digestion of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates
• Contains bicarbonate neutralizes gastric acid

Question 15

Liver

Answer 15

• Creates bile, stored in the gallbladder
• Receives blood with absorbed nutrients through the portal vein
• Responsible for large part of carbohydrate metabolism
• If blood sugar falls, liver can convert it glycogen stores into glucose
• Dramatic drops in sugar will cause liver to convert fats and proteins into sugar
• Detoxifies drugs
• Completes breakdown of white blood cells and heme component of red blood cells
• Stores vitamins and minerals

Question 16

Bile

Answer 16

• Enzymes used by body to breakdown fats

Question 17

What 3 sections is the digestive system broken into?

Answer 17

1. Duodenum
2. Jejunum
3. Ileum

Question 18

Digestion

Answer 18

• 90% of all nutrients absorption occurs in the small intestines
• Produce more enzymes that turn chyme into smaller molecules
• Easily absorbed by the capillaries
• Moves into the bloodstream

Question 19

Large Intestine

Answer 19

• 2 meter long structure
• Substance that enters the large intestines is no longer called chyme, but feces
• Primary role of large intestines is to complete the absorption of water
• Colon site of bacterial digestion
• Finishes the breakdown of chyme
• Breakdown produces gas and by-product

Question 20

Cecum

Answer 20

• First part of the large intestines

Question 21

Appendix

Answer 21

• Wormlike pouch leading off the cecum
• If impacted with fecal material or infected results in appendicitis