Module 21- Abdominal Patho Flashcards
Abdominal Cavity
- Largest cavity in the body
- Extends from the diaphragm to the pelvis
- Assessment should be made quickly and cautiously
What are some prevention strategies to reduce morbidity and mortality?
- Safety equipment
- Prehospital education
- Advances in hospital care
- Development of trauma systems
Anatomical boundaries
Diaphragm to pelvic brim
What three sections is the abdomen divided into?
- Anterior abdomen
- Flanks
- Posterior abdomen or back
RUQ
Right upper quadrant
RLQ
Right lower quadrant
LLQ
Left lower quadrant
LUQ
Left upper quadrant
Periumbilical area
The region of the body that surrounds the umbilicus
Peritoneum
Membrane that covers the abdominal cavity
Mesentery
Attaches various organs to the body wall
What are the three regions of the internal abdomen
- Peritoneal space
- Retroperitoneal space
- Pelvis
What organs does the peritoneal space include?
- Liver
- Spleen
- Stomach
- Small bowel
- Colon
- Gallbladder
- Female reproductive organs
What does the retroperitioneal structures include?
- Aorta
- Vena cava
- Pancreas
- Kidneys
- Ureters
- Portions of duodenum and large intestines
What does the pelvic structure include?
- Rectum
- Ureters
- Pelvic vascular plexus
- Major vascular structures
- Pelvic skeletal structures
- Reproductive organs
What are the 3 types of organs?
- Solid
- Hollow
- Vascular
Liver
- Solid organ
- Largest organ in the abdomen
- RUQ
- Detoxifies the blood and produces bile
Gallbladder
- Saclike organ
- Lies on the lower surface of the liver
- Reservoir for bile, released during digestive process
Spleen
- Solid, highly vascular
- LUQ
- Partially protected by the left lower rib cage
- Clears blood borne bacteria
Pancreas
- Middle of abdomen, retroperitoneal
- Secretes enzymes into the bowel that aid digestion
- Secretes insulin, helps glucose enter the cells
Stomach
- Hollow organ
- LUQ
- Esophagus open into the stomach
- Secrets an acid that assist in the digestive process
Small and large intestines
- Run from the end of the stomach to the anus
- Digest and absorb water and nutrients
- Duodenum first part of small intestines
- Pylorus is a muscle at the end of the stomach, valve between stomach and duodenum
Urinary system
- Kidneys- filter blood and excretes body waste in form of urine
- Retroperitoneal
- Bladder- stores urine, hollow organ
- Ureters- carry urine from kidneys to bladder
Female reproductive system
- Uterus- implantation, growth and nourishment of fetus
- Ovaries- produce precursors to mature eggs and hormones that regulate reproductive function
Male reproductive system
- Penis– reproductive organ
- Testes- produce sperm and male hormones
- Scrotum- pouch of skin and muscle that contain testes
