Module 15- Musculoskeletal Patho Flashcards
The musculoskeletal system gives what to the body?
- The body its shape and allows for movement
- It performs many important functions within the body
Functions of the musculoskeletal system- Support
- Support: bones provide a framework, giving the body its shape and allowing it to stand upright
Functions of the musculoskeletal system- Movement
Movement: is generated because muscles are attached to bones via tendons; contraction generates a force, causing motion across a joint
Functions of the musculoskeletal system- Protection
Protection: provides protection to the more fragile organs and structures beneath them. Bones deflect and absorb energy. The skull protects the brain, the rib cages protects the heart, and lungs, and the spinal column protects the spinal cord.
Functions of the musculoskeletal system- Hematopiesis
Hematopoiesis: the process of generating blood cells. Occurs in the bone marrow of the sternum, ribs, vertebral bodies, pelvis, and the proximal portions of the femur and humerus
How bones is the skeleton composed of?
206
What is the skeleton divided into?
- Axial skeleton
- Appendicular skeleton
What bones is the axial skeleton composed of?
- Skull
- Vertebral column
- Ribs
- Sternum
Skull
- Cranium
- Basilar skull
- Face
- Inner ear
- refer to diagram
Vertebral column
33 vertebrae
- 7 cervical
- 12 thoracic
- 5 lumbar
- 5 sacral
- 4 coccygeal
Thorax
- Sternum
- 12 pairs of ribs
- True ribs attach to the sternum
- False ribs indirectly attach to the sternum
- Floating ribs have no anterior attachment
What bones is the appendicular skeleton composed of?
- Pectoral girdle
- Pelvic girdle
- Upper extremities
- Lower extremities
Pectoral (“shoulder”) girdle
- 2 scapulae
- 2 clavicles
Scapulae (“shoulder blade”)
- Flat, triangular bone
- Held to rib cage by powerful muscles that buffer it agaisnt injury
Clavicle (“collar bone”)
- Slender, s- shaped
- Connects scapula to the sternum
- Acts as a strut to keep the shoulder propped up and as scaffolding on which other muscles of the thoracic cavity pull
- Because it is slender, and very exposed it is vulnerable to injury (bleeding risk- clavicle artery)
Upper Extremity
- Joins shoulder at glenohumeral joint
- Proximal portion contains humerus
- Distal portion contains radius and ulna
- This forms the hinged elbow joint
Radius
- Larger of two forearm bones
- Lies on thumb side of forearm
Ulna
- Narrow
- Serves as a pivot around which the radius turns
What 3 bones does the hand contain?
- Carpals (wrist bone)
- Metacarpals (hand bone)
- Phalanges (finger bones)
What 3 separate bones does the pelvic girdle cotain?
- Ischium
- Ilium
- Pubis: fused together to form the hip. These joints allow very little motion, so the pelvic ring is strong & stable
Femur
- Long, powerful bone
- Head of femur articulates proximally with ball and socket joint of the pelvis
- Distally with the hinge joint of the knee
- The head of the femur is the ball shaped part that fits into the acetabulum of the pelvis
- It connects with the shaft or long tubular portion of the femur, by the femoral neck
- Most hip #’s are femur #’s
Tibia
-Shin bone
- Superficial
- Exposed to force:
- Vulnerable to direct blows
Fibula
- Makes up lateral portion of lower leg, lateral knob if the ankle joint (lateral malleolus)
What 3 bones does the foot contain?
- Tarsal (Ankle)
- Metatarsals (foot)
- Phalanges (toes)