Module 2 - Skeletal System Flashcards
What 3 things is the Skeletal System made up of?
Bone, Ligaments, Cartilage
What do Ligaments attach?
Bones to Bones
Cartilage reduces _____ in joints.
Friction
T/F: Outside bone is hard, tough, and dry.
True
What are 5 functions of bones?
Protect, Support, Form blood cells, Store minerals, and Movement.
What is bone made up of?
hard inorganic matrix of calcium salts
What are the 2 types of bones?
Compact Bone and Spongy Bone
Where is compact bone?
Outside, Compact bone forms the shaft and ends
Where is Spongy Bone?
Inside, trabeculae form lattice like support (small flat pieces that make up the holes)
What is Yellow Bone marrow? Where is Yellow Bone marrow found?
Mostly fat, found in marrow space in Compact Bone
Where is Red Bone marrow found?
Inside the little holes of Spongy Bone
Where is Cartilage located?
Specific spots where it is most useful
What are the 3 types of cartilage?
Fibrocartilage, Hyaline, and Elastic cartilage.
What is the strongest, toughest type of cartilage that can withstand lots of pressure and serves as a shock absorber?
Fibrocartilage
What cartilage is the precursor to bone?
Hyaline
What cartilage is not strong, the most bendable?
Elastic Cartilage
What type of cartilage makes up the outer ear, the larynx, auditory tubes and found in the epiglottis?
Elastic cartilage
What type of cartilage makes up the the intervertebral disks between vertebrae and menisci in knee joints?
Fibrocartilage
What type of cartilage makes an embryos skeleton?
Hyaline
What makes up the early (week 7) skeleton in a developing fetus: is it bone or cartilage?
Cartilage (Hyaline) makes up the early skeleton in a developing fetus.
What makes up the late (week 8) skeleton in a developing fetus: is it bone or cartilage?
Bone
What is Chondroblasts?
Cartilage-forming cells
What is Osteoblasts?
young bone-forming cells
How many bones in the body?
206 bones
What are the four types of bones?
Long, Short, Flat, Irregular
What are the two Skeletons?
Appendicular and Axial
What are the 7 vertebrae called in the neck?
The 7 vertebrae in the neck are called Cervical.
What are the 12 vertebrae called in the upper back?
The 12 vertebrae in the upper back are called Thoracic.
What is the Axial Skeleton? Made up of?
midline of the body, things that are harder to move, made up of the cranial bones and the vertebral column
What are the 5 vertebrae called in the lower back?
The 5 vertebrae in the lower back are called Lumbar.
What does the Vertebral Column do?
Protects the spinal cord
What are the 5 fused vertebrae called in the sacrum?
The 5 vertebrae in the sacrum are Sacral.
What are the 4 fused vertebrae called in the coccyx?
The 4 vertebrae in the coccyx are Coccygeal.
What do Intervertebral disk do? (2)
cushion vertebrae, assist in movement and flexibility
What is the bone of the upper leg (thigh)?
Femur
What is the bone of the upper arm?
Humerus
What are the 3 types of joints?
Fibrous joint, Cartilaginous joint, and the Synovial joint.
Describe the Fibrous joint
Immovable, tough, rigid joint
Describe the Cartilaginous joint
slightly moveable, cartilage connection, not moveable enough that you can swing or move around it
Describe the Synovial joint
Freely moveable, bones separated by fluid-filled cavity, bones are not touching here, most flexible
What is the difference between a ligament and a tendon?
A ligament is what attaches bone to bone. A tendon is what attaches muscle to bone.
What does a tendon attach?
Bones to Muscle
What are ligaments and tendons made of?
connective tissue containing collagen
What disease is caused by excessive bone loss?
Osteoporosis is caused by excessive bone loss.
What disease causes a breakdown of joint cartilage and bone due to inflamation?
Osteoarthritis
What disease causes an excessive curvature of the spinal column in the thoracic region?
Kyphosis causes an excessive curvature of the spinal column in the thoracic region.
