Module 2 - Blood Flashcards
What are the 3 major functions of blood?
Carries oxygen, nutrients, waste, and hormones
Protects against pathogens and infections
Maintains body temperature and pH
What is blood? What is it made of? What kind of solution?
a special connective tissue made up of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets in a liquid solution of ions and other molecules
After blood is spun in a centrifuge, which colored layer sinks to the BOTTOM of a test tube?
Red Color layer, RBC, Erythrocytes
After blood is spun in a centrifuge, which colored layer sinks to the TOP of a test tube?
Plasma
After blood is spun in a centrifuge, which colored layer sinks to the CENTER of a test tube? (2)
Buffy Coat, WBC, Leukocytes, and platelets
What are the molecules that compose plasma? (5)
Water, ions, hormones, gases, proteins
also: electrolytes, nutrients and wastes
In what layers does blood separate after being spun in a centrifuge? From top to bottom.
Plasma
Buffy Coat: Leukocytes & Platelets
Erythrocytes
What percent of Plasma, Buffy Coat, and Erythrocytes is blood composed of?
55% Plasma
<1% Buffy Coat
45% Erythrocytes
What are red blood cells called?
Erythrocytes
What are white blood cells called?
Leukocytes
What are the three plasma proteins?
Albumins, Globulins, Clotting Proteins
What does the plasma protein Albumins do?
maintains water balance
What does the plasma protein Clotting Proteins do?
a little clump that forms in the blood cells to stop bleeding
Name three of the Plasma Protein: Globulin.
Alpha - liver function
Beta - transport
Gamma - defense
How many red blood cells in a drop of blood?
5 million
What is the function of Erythrocytes (RBC)?
transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
What is the protein that transports oxygen in red blood cells called?
Hemoglobin
How long do RBC live?
120 Days
What is Hematocrit?
the percentage of the blood that consists of RBC
Where does blood (blood cells & platelets) originate from?
Stem Cells
T/F: Stem cells produce all of the types of blood cells
TRUE
What hormone stimulates stem cells in bone marrow and causes increase in RBC production? HINT: EPO
Erythropoietin
What color are leukocytes, red or white?
White
Which cells in the blood defend the body?
White Blood Cells, WBC, Leukocytes
What is the function of Leukocytes? WBC
Protection and defending the body against infection
What are the two groups of WBC?
Granular and Agranular
Which group of WBC have cytoplasmic granules?
Granular
Which group of WBC does NOT have cytoplasmic granules?
Agranular
Name the 2 Agranular WBC?
Monocytes
Lymphocytes
Name the 3 Granular WBC?
Basophils
Eosinophils
Neutrophils
What are the 5 main types of leukocytes?
Basophils, Eosinophils, Neutrophils, Monocytes, Lymphocytes
What does Basophil do? What percent is it in WBC circulation?
0.5%
contains histamine, role in inflammation and allergic reaction
What does Eosinophils do? What percent is it in WBC circulation?
2-4%
Defends against large parasites
What does Neutrophils do? What percent is it in WBC circulation?
60%
attacks microorganisms
What does Monocytes do? What percent is it in WBC circulation?
5%
leave the blood -> macrophages = cells that wrap themselves against another organism and consume it
What does Lymphocytes do? What percent is it in WBC circulation?
30%
strong immune response, will kill foreign bodies
What is a blood transfusion?
administration of blood directly into bloodstream of another person. must match donor and recipient
What is an antigen?
non self protein, on the surface of a cell
What is an antibody?
a Y-shaped defensive protein made by the body, directed against specific antigens.
T/F: If the antigens don’t match then it can trigger a reaction in the antibody to attack and kill the antigen
TRUE
T/F: The antigen on the RBC surface determines the blood type
TRUE
T/F: You have antibodies(Y) against the antigens that are NOT on your own red blood cells.
TRUE
What is an Rh factor?
antigen found on the surface of the red blood cell
What percent of Americans are Rh positive and Rh negative?
85% positive
15% negative
What is Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn?
Rh- mom, Rh+ dad, Rh+ baby. Mom will begin to attack the baby because it recognizes the babies blood as foreign
When is Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn at a higher risk? Why?
Second pregnancy and forward
After delivery Mom will produce antibodies that can attack fetal red blood cells
What is used to prevent Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn?
Mother is given Rho-GAM (anti-Rh antibodies)
Can an Rh negative mother have a baby that is Rh positive?
YES
What are some disorders associated with blood?
Mononucleosis, Hemophilia, Anemia, Thrombocytopenia
What disease results from people having an infection of the lymphocytes? “Kissing disease”
Mononucleosis
What disease results from people having a deficiency of clotting proteins?
Hemophilia
What disease results from people having a decrease of red blood cells so there is less capacity for the RBC to carry oxygen?
Anemia
What disease results from people having fewer platelets that leads to bruising and bleeding under the skin?
Thrombocytopenia
